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<small>'''Diagnostic Catheterization''' | [[Risk Stratification and the Benefits of PCI vs Medical Therapy]] | [[Conscious Sedation]] | [[Preparation of the Patient for Diagnostic Catheterization]] | [[Technical Aspects of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]] | [[Obtaining Venous and Arterial Access]] | [[Equipment Used in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterizaiton]] | [[Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]] | [[Radiation Safety]]</small>


<small>'''Therapeutic Catheterization''' | [[Coronary angiography therapeutic procedures|Therapeutic procedures]] | [[Coronary angiography advances in catheter based physical treatments|Advances in catheter based physical treatments]] </small>


<small>'''Coronary angiography''' | [[Coronary angiography overview|Overview]] | [[Coronary angiography historical perspective| Historical Perspective]] | [[Coronary angiography contraindications|Contraindications]] | [[Appropriate use criteria for revascularization]] | [[Coronary angiography complications|Complications]] | [[Coronary angiography technique|Technique]] | [[Coronary angiography film quality|Film Quality]]</small>


===[[Risk Stratification and the Benefits of PCI vs Medical Therapy]]===
<small>'''Coronary Anatomy and Projection Angles''' | '''''Normal Coronary Anatomy''''' | [[Coronary arteries]] | [[Left coronary artery]] | [[Left main coronary artery]] | [[Left anterior descending artery]]  |  [[Left circumflex artery]] | [[Ramus intermedius]] | [[Right coronary artery]] | [[Coronary artery dominance]] | '''''Coronary Anatomic Variants''''' | [[Separate ostia]] | [[Anomalous origins of the coronary arteries]] | [[Coronary artery fistula]] | '''''Projection Angles''''' | [[Coronary angiography standard views|Standard angiographic views]] | [[Coronary angiography left coronary artery|Left coronary artery]] | [[Coronary angiography right coronary artery|Right coronary artery]] </small>


===[[Conscious Sedation]]===
<small> '''Assessment of Epicardial Coronary Blood Flow''' | [[TIMI flow grade|TIMI flow grade (TFG)]] | [[TIMI flow grade 0]] | [[TIMI flow grade 1]] | [[TIMI flow grade 2]] | [[TIMI flow grade 3]] | [[TIMI frame count (TFC)]] | [[Pulsatile flow]] | [[Deceleration]] </small>


===[[Preparation of the Patient for Diagnostic Catheterization]]===
<small> '''Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion''' | [[TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade|TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG)]] | [[TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0]] | [[TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0.5]] | [[TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 1]] | [[TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 2]] | [[TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3]] </small>


===[[Preparation of the Patient for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)]]===
<small>'''Assessment of Coronary Lesions''' | [[Coronary Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)]]) | [[Coronary flow reserve]]([[CFR]]) | [[Intravascular ultrasound]] ([[IVUS]]) | '''''Lesion Complexity''''' | [[Coronary angiography ACC-AHA characteristics of type A, B, and C coronary lesions|ACC-AHA characteristics of type A, B, and C coronary lesions]] | [[Coronary angiography SCAI lesion classification system|SCAI Lesion Classification System]]


===[[Technical Aspects of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]]===
'''''Thrombus Grades''''' | [[PERFUSE thrombus grade|TIMI thrombus grade]] | [[PERFUSE thrombus grade 0|TIMI thrombus grade 0]] | [[PERFUSE thrombus grade 1|TIMI thrombus grade 1]] | [[PERFUSE thrombus grade 2|TIMI thrombus grade 2]] | [[PERFUSE thrombus grade 3|TIMI thrombus grade 3]] | [[PERFUSE thrombus grade 4|TIMI thrombus grade 4]] | [[PERFUSE thrombus grade 5|TIMI thrombus grade 5]] | [[PERFUSE thrombus grade 6|TIMI thrombus grade 6]] | '''''Lesion Morphology''''' | [[Coronary angiography quantitative angiography|Quantitative angiography]] | [[Quantitative coronary angiography#Definitions of Preprocedural Lesion Morphology|Definitions of Preprocedural Lesion Morphology]] | Irregular lesion | Disease extent | Arterial foreshortening | [[Infarct related artery]] ([[Culprit lesion]]) | [[Restenosis]] | Degenerated saphenous vein graft | [[Collaterals]] | [[Coronary artery ulceration]] | [[Coronary artery aneurysm]] | [[Coronary artery bifurcation]] | [[Coronary artery trifurcation]]</small>


===[[Obtaining Venous and Arterial Access]]===
<small>'''PCI''' | [[Preparation of the Patient for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)]] | [[Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Basic Principles and Guidelines]] | [[Equipment Used in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]] | [[Pharmacotherapy to Support PCI]] | [[Antiplatelet therapy]] | [[Antithrombotic therapy]] | [[Angiography and PCI in Special Patient Populations]] | [[Management Of Specific Lesion Types]] | [[High Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)]] | [[Vascular Closure Devices]] | [[Post PCI Medical Management of the Interventional Patient]] | [[Complications During and Following Cardiac Catheterization and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]] | [[Coronary stent thrombosis]]


===[[Equipment Used in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterizaiton]]===
'''PCI in Specific Populations and Lesion Types'''
*[[Coronary angiography ACC-AHA characteristics of type A, B, and C coronary lesions|Assessment of Lesion Complexity and Morphology Using Coronary Lesion Classification Systems]]
*[[PCI in the Patient with Angiographically Visible Thrombus|Angiographically Visible Thrombus]]
*[[PCI in the Calcified Lesion|The Calcified Leison]]
*[[PCI in the Ostial Lesion|The Ostial Lesion]]
*[[PCI in the Angulated or Tortuous Lesion|The Angulated or Tortuous Lesion]]
*[[PCI in the Bifurcation Lesion|Management of the Bifurcation Lesion]]
*[[PCI in the Long Lesion|The Long Lesion]]
*[[Myocardial bridge|Management of a Coronary Bridge Lesion and Kinks]]
*[[PCI in the Patient with Coronary Vasospasm|Management of Coronary Vasospasm]]
*[[PCI in the Patient with a Chronic Total Occlusion|The Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO)]]
*[[PCI in Small Vessels|Intervention in Small Vessels]]
*[[PCI in Diffusely Diseased Vessels|Intervention in Diffusely Diseased Vessels]]
*[[Intervention in Saphenous Vein Grafts (SVG)|Intervention in Saphenous Vein Grafts (SVG)]]
*[[PCI in the Left Internal Mammary Artery|Intervention in the LIMA]]
*[[PCI in the Right Internal Mammary Artery|Intervention in the RIMA]]
*[[PCI in a Free Radial Artery or Other Conduit|Intervention in a Free Radial and other Conduits]]
*[[Multivessel PCI|Multivessel Intervention]]
*[[PCI in the Patient with Restenosis|PCI in the Patient with Restenosis]]
*[[Stent Thrombosis|Management of the Patient with Stent Thrombosis]]
*[[Treatment of Distal Anastomotic Lesions|Treatment of Distal Anastomotic Lesions]]
*[[Coronary Artery Perforation|Coronary Artery Perforation]]
*[[Left Main Intervention|Left Main Intervention]]
*[[Management of the Thrombotic Lesion|Management of the Thrombotic Lesion]]


===[[Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]]===
</small>


===[[Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Basic Principles and Guidelines]]===
<small>'''High Risk PCI''' | [[PCI in the Patient in Cardiogenic Shock|PCI in the Patient in Cardiogenic Shock]]  |  [[PCI in the Patient Requiring CPR and Refractory Ventricular Arrhythmias|PCI in the Patient Requiring CPR and Refractory Ventricular Arrhythmias]] | [[PCI in the Patient with Severely Depressed Ventricular Function|PCI in the Patient with Severely Depressed Ventricular Function]] | [[PCI in the Patient with Critical Valve Stenosis|PCI in the Patient with Critical Valve Stenosis]] | [[PCI in the Sole Remaining Conduit|PCI in the Sole Remaining Conduit]] | [[PCI in the Unprotected Left Main Patient|PCI in the Unprotected Left Main Patient]] | [[Adjuncts for High Risk Percuatenous Coronary Intervention|Adjuncts for High Risk Percuatenous Coronary Intervention]]</small>


===Functional assesement of coronary lesions===
<small>'''Mechanical circulatory support''' | [[Mechanical circulatory support]] | [[Intra-aortic balloon pump]] | [[Ventricular assist device|Ventricular assist devices]] | [[Artificial heart]] </small>


====[[Coronary Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)]])====
<small>'''PCI Complications''' | [[PCI complications: vessel perforation|Vessel Perforation]] | [[PCI complications: dissection|Dissection]] | [[PCI complications: distal embolization|Distal Embolization]] | [[PCI complications: no reflow|No-reflow]] | [[PCI complications: abrupt closure|Abrupt Closure]] | [[PCI complications: restenosis|Restenosis]] | [[PCI complications: late acquired stent malapposition|Late Acquired Stent Malapposition]] | [[PCI complications: loss of side branch|Loss of Side Branch]] | [[PCI complications: multiple complications|Multiple Complications]] | [[Coronary stent thrombosis]] | [[Slow flow]] | [[Pulsatile flow]] | [[Deceleration]] | [[Ectasia]] | [[Intimal flap]] | Staining | [[Coronary air embolism]] </small>


====[[Coronary flow reserve]]([[CFR]])====
<small> '''Left Ventriculography''' | [[Left ventriculography#Technique|Technique]] | [[Left ventriculography#Quantification of Left Ventricular Function|Quantification of LV Function]] | [[Left ventriculography#Quantification of LMitral Regurgitation|Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation]] </small>


====[[Intravascular ultrasound]] ([[IVUS]]) ====
<small>'''Other Topics'''[[Non Coronary Interventions in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]] | [[Transfusion in ACS management]] | [[Revascularization in the "No Option" Patient]]</small>
<br>


===[[Equipment Used in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]]===
===[[Pharmacotherapy to Support PCI]]===
===[[Angiography and PCI in Special Patient Populations]]===
===[[Management Of Specific Lesion Types]]===
===[[High Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)]]===
===Hybrid Procedures===
===[[Vascular Closure Devices]]===
===[[Post PCI Medical Management of the Interventional Patient]]===
===[[Non Coronary Interventions in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]]===
===[[Complications During and Following Cardiac Catheterization and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention]]===
===[[Coronary stent thrombosis]]===
===[[Transfusion in ACS management]]===
===[[Revascularization in the "No Option" Patient]]===
===[[Radiation Safety]]===
----
'''Interventional cardiology''' is a branch of the [[medicine|medical]] specialty of [[cardiology]] that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural [[heart disease]]s.
A large number of procedures can be performed on the [[heart]] by [[coronary catheterization|catheterization]]. This most commonly involves the insertion of a sheath into the [[femoral artery]] (but, in practice, any large peripheral artery or vein) and cannulating the heart under [[X-ray]] visualization (most commonly [[fluoroscopy]], a real-time x-ray).
Procedures performed by specialists in interventional cardiology:
* [[Angioplasty]] (PTCA, Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty) - for [[coronary artery|coronary]] [[atherosclerosis]]
* Valvuloplasty - dilation of narrowed cardiac valves (usually mitral, aortic or pulmonary)
* Procedures for congenital heart disease - insertion of occluders for ventricular or atrial septal defects, occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus, angioplasty of great vessels
* Emergency angioplasty and stenting of occluded coronary vessels in the setting of acute myocardial infarction
Invasive procedures of the heart to treat arrhythmias are performed by specialists in [[clinical cardiac electrophysiology]]
Surgery of the heart is done by the specialty of [[cardiothoracic surgery]]. Some interventional cardiology procedures are only performed when there is cardiothoracic surgery expertise in the hospital, in case of complications.
==See also==
* [[Interventional radiology]]
* [[Catheter]]
* [[Cannula]]
* [[Stent]]
* [[Restenosis]]
==External links==
* [http://www.clinicaltrialresults.org ClinicalTrialResults.org]
* [http://www.angioplasty.org Angioplasty.Org]
* [http://www.europcronline.com EuroPCROnline.com]
* [http://www.tctmd.com/csportal/appmanager/tctmd/main tctmd.com]




{{Coronary Angiography}}


[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Angiopedia]]


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Latest revision as of 19:24, 25 July 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Diagnostic Catheterization | Risk Stratification and the Benefits of PCI vs Medical Therapy | Conscious Sedation | Preparation of the Patient for Diagnostic Catheterization | Technical Aspects of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | Obtaining Venous and Arterial Access | Equipment Used in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterizaiton | Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | Radiation Safety

Therapeutic Catheterization | Therapeutic procedures | Advances in catheter based physical treatments

Coronary angiography | Overview | Historical Perspective | Contraindications | Appropriate use criteria for revascularization | Complications | Technique | Film Quality

Coronary Anatomy and Projection Angles | Normal Coronary Anatomy | Coronary arteries | Left coronary artery | Left main coronary artery | Left anterior descending artery | Left circumflex artery | Ramus intermedius | Right coronary artery | Coronary artery dominance | Coronary Anatomic Variants | Separate ostia | Anomalous origins of the coronary arteries | Coronary artery fistula | Projection Angles | Standard angiographic views | Left coronary artery | Right coronary artery

Assessment of Epicardial Coronary Blood Flow | TIMI flow grade (TFG) | TIMI flow grade 0 | TIMI flow grade 1 | TIMI flow grade 2 | TIMI flow grade 3 | TIMI frame count (TFC) | Pulsatile flow | Deceleration

Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0.5 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 1 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 2 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3

Assessment of Coronary Lesions | Coronary Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR)) | Coronary flow reserve(CFR) | Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) | Lesion Complexity | ACC-AHA characteristics of type A, B, and C coronary lesions | SCAI Lesion Classification System

Thrombus Grades | TIMI thrombus grade | TIMI thrombus grade 0 | TIMI thrombus grade 1 | TIMI thrombus grade 2 | TIMI thrombus grade 3 | TIMI thrombus grade 4 | TIMI thrombus grade 5 | TIMI thrombus grade 6 | Lesion Morphology | Quantitative angiography | Definitions of Preprocedural Lesion Morphology | Irregular lesion | Disease extent | Arterial foreshortening | Infarct related artery (Culprit lesion) | Restenosis | Degenerated saphenous vein graft | Collaterals | Coronary artery ulceration | Coronary artery aneurysm | Coronary artery bifurcation | Coronary artery trifurcation

PCI | Preparation of the Patient for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) | Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Basic Principles and Guidelines | Equipment Used in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention | Pharmacotherapy to Support PCI | Antiplatelet therapy | Antithrombotic therapy | Angiography and PCI in Special Patient Populations | Management Of Specific Lesion Types | High Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) | Vascular Closure Devices | Post PCI Medical Management of the Interventional Patient | Complications During and Following Cardiac Catheterization and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention | Coronary stent thrombosis

PCI in Specific Populations and Lesion Types

High Risk PCI | PCI in the Patient in Cardiogenic Shock | PCI in the Patient Requiring CPR and Refractory Ventricular Arrhythmias | PCI in the Patient with Severely Depressed Ventricular Function | PCI in the Patient with Critical Valve Stenosis | PCI in the Sole Remaining Conduit | PCI in the Unprotected Left Main Patient | Adjuncts for High Risk Percuatenous Coronary Intervention

Mechanical circulatory support | Mechanical circulatory support | Intra-aortic balloon pump | Ventricular assist devices | Artificial heart

PCI Complications | Vessel Perforation | Dissection | Distal Embolization | No-reflow | Abrupt Closure | Restenosis | Late Acquired Stent Malapposition | Loss of Side Branch | Multiple Complications | Coronary stent thrombosis | Slow flow | Pulsatile flow | Deceleration | Ectasia | Intimal flap | Staining | Coronary air embolism

Left Ventriculography | Technique | Quantification of LV Function | Quantification of Mitral Regurgitation

Other TopicsNon Coronary Interventions in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | Transfusion in ACS management | Revascularization in the "No Option" Patient



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