Hyperlipoproteinemia natural history, complications and prognosis
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Lipoprotein Disorders Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
"(Disease name), without treatment, progresses to eventually cause _____ and ____. (Disease name) can be complicated by the development of ____. The prognosis of (disease name) is poor/ good. (Disease name) is associated with a 1/5/10 year mortality of ___%.
Natural History
Hyperlipidemia may be inherited or secondary to some underlying disorder. High levels of LDL-cholesterol in hyperlipidemia increase cholesterol uptake in non-hepatic cells where monocytes and macrophages engulf cholesterol particles, leading to formation of foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque in the endothelium of arteries, leading to development of symptoms of coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease. Cholesterol also accumulates in other areas, such as the skin, causing xanthelasmas and the tendons, causing variety of xanthomas. Early corneal arcus is also common. Without treatment, the patient will also develop valvular abnormalities, most frequently aortic stenosis, due to the deposition of cholesterol.
Complications
Complications that can develop as a result of hyperlipidemia are:
It is an end result of the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium (the muscle of the heart) with oxygen and nutrients. While the symptoms and signs of coronary heart disease are noted in the advanced state of disease, most individuals with coronary heart disease show no evidence of disease for decades as the disease progresses before the first onset of symptoms, often a "sudden" heart attack, finally arise.
- Carotid artery disease
- Peripheral arterial disease
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Cerebrovascular disease
Complications that can develop as a result of the treatment of hyperlipidemia are:
Prognosis
- This section should detail the prognosis of the disease, both treated and untreated.
- Here are some template sentences; "The prognosis of (disease name) is poor/good with treatment. Without treatment, (disease name) will result in ___. (Disease name) is associated with a 1/5/10 year mortality of __. The presence of ___ is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with (disease name).
- For an example of a prognosis section within a natural history, complications and prognosis page, click here.