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==Acute promyelocytic leukemia risk factors==
Risk factors for acute promyelocytic leukemia are similar to risk factors for [[acute myeloid leukemia]].
*'''Advanced age''': This is the most common risk factor for acute leukemia. Elderly patients are more likely to develop myeloid leukemia, due to a longer duration and opportunity for mutations to accumulate in cells.  
*'''Benzene'''<ref name="pmid22166497">{{cite journal| author=McHale CM, Zhang L, Smith MT| title=Current understanding of the mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia in humans: implications for risk assessment. | journal=Carcinogenesis | year= 2012 | volume= 33 | issue= 2 | pages= 240-52 | pmid=22166497 | doi=10.1093/carcin/bgr297 | pmc=3271273 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22166497 }} </ref>: Benzene is a chemical solvent and aromatic hydrocarbon, for which exposure is a significant risk factor for acute leukemia.<ref name="pmid22166497">{{cite journal| author=McHale CM, Zhang L, Smith MT| title=Current understanding of the mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia in humans: implications for risk assessment. | journal=Carcinogenesis | year= 2012 | volume= 33 | issue= 2 | pages= 240-52 | pmid=22166497 | doi=10.1093/carcin/bgr297 | pmc=3271273 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22166497 }} </ref>
*'''Prior myelodysplastic syndrome''': [[Myelodysplastic syndrome]] is a disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, defective maturation of blood cells, and peripheral cytopenias. Antecedant [[myelodysplastic syndrome]] is implicated in some forms of acute leukemia, such as [[acute myeloid leukemia]].
*'''Germline mutations''': In general, germline predisposition to acute promyelocytic leukemia is rare. In patients with [[acute myeloid leukemia]], germline mutations in the ''RUNX1'' gene can predispose to the development of the cancer.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 05:32, 13 May 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Shyam Patel [2]

Acute promyelocytic leukemia risk factors

Risk factors for acute promyelocytic leukemia are similar to risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia.

  • Advanced age: This is the most common risk factor for acute leukemia. Elderly patients are more likely to develop myeloid leukemia, due to a longer duration and opportunity for mutations to accumulate in cells.
  • Benzene[1]: Benzene is a chemical solvent and aromatic hydrocarbon, for which exposure is a significant risk factor for acute leukemia.[1]
  • Prior myelodysplastic syndrome: Myelodysplastic syndrome is a disorder characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, defective maturation of blood cells, and peripheral cytopenias. Antecedant myelodysplastic syndrome is implicated in some forms of acute leukemia, such as acute myeloid leukemia.
  • Germline mutations: In general, germline predisposition to acute promyelocytic leukemia is rare. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia, germline mutations in the RUNX1 gene can predispose to the development of the cancer.

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 McHale CM, Zhang L, Smith MT (2012). "Current understanding of the mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia in humans: implications for risk assessment". Carcinogenesis. 33 (2): 240–52. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgr297. PMC 3271273. PMID 22166497.

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