Adult T-cell leukemia medical therapy

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]

Overview

The optimal therapy for adult T-cell leukemia depends on the clinical variant of the disease. Chronic and smoldering adult T-cell leukemia patients are usually managed by either observation, skin directed therapies, or a combination of zidovudine and interferon therapy. Acute adult T-cell leukemia patients are usually managed by either chemotherapy, supportive care, allogeneic stem cell transplant, or a combination of zidovudine and interferon therapy. The first line chemotherapeutic regimens used for the initial management of adult T-cell leukemia include CHOP, CHOEP, or Dose-adjusted EPOCH. Second line chemotherapeutic agents might be DHAP, ESHAP, GDP, GemOx, or ICE.

Medical Therapy

The following are the various options for management of adult-T cell leukemia according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines:[1][2]

  • The optimal therapy for adult T-cell leukemia depends on the clinical variant of the disease.
  • Chronic and smoldering adult T-cell leukemia patients are usually managed by either observation, skin directed therapies, or a combination of zidovudine and interferon therapy.[3]
  • Acute adult T-cell leukemia patients are usually managed by either chemotherapy, supportive care, allogeneic stem cell transplant, or a combination of zidovudine and interferon therapy.
  • Adult T-cell lymphoma patients are usually managed by either chemotherapy, supportive care, or allogeneic stem cell transplant.

Management of Chronic/Smoldering Adult T-cell Leukemia

  • Patients may be managed by observation and close follow-up for any symptomatic deterioration. Follow-up of such patients must include:
  • Skin directed therapies for the management of localized cutaneous lesions among such patients may include:
  • Chronic/smoldering adult T-cell leukemia patients should be evaluated for response after two months of initiating the combination therapy.
  • Patients who respond to the therapy should be continued on zidovudine and interferon therapy.
  • Patients who did not respond to the therapy should be managed by either chemotherapy or supportive care, depending on the patients preference.
  • The criteria for complete remission of adult T-cell leukemia patients includes:

Management of Acute Adult T-cell Leukemia

  • The first line chemotherapeutic regimens used for the initial management of adult T-cell leukemia include:
  • Chronic/smoldering adult T-cell leukemia patients should be evaluated for response after two months of initiating the combination therapy.
  • Patients who respond to the therapy may be further managed by either allogeneic stem cell transplantation or continue on zidovudine and interferon combination therapy.
  • Patients who did not respond to the therapy should be managed by either chemotherapy or supportive care, depending on the patients preference.

Supportive Therapy

Opportunistic Infections Prophylaxis

References

  1. Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. NCCN Guidelines Version 2 (2015) http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/nhl.pdf Accessed on January, 25 2016
  2. Hermine, Olivier; Bouscary, Didier; Gessain, Antoine; Turlure, Pascal; Leblond, Veronique; Franck, Nathalie; Buzyn-Veil, Agnes; Rio, Bernard; Macintyre, Elisabeth; Dreyfus, Francois; Bazarbachi, Ali (1995). "Treatment of Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma with Zidovudine and Interferon Alfa". New England Journal of Medicine. 332 (26): 1749–1751. doi:10.1056/NEJM199506293322604. ISSN 0028-4793.
  3. Hermine, Olivier; Bouscary, Didier; Gessain, Antoine; Turlure, Pascal; Leblond, Veronique; Franck, Nathalie; Buzyn-Veil, Agnes; Rio, Bernard; Macintyre, Elisabeth; Dreyfus, Francois; Bazarbachi, Ali (1995). "Treatment of Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma with Zidovudine and Interferon Alfa". New England Journal of Medicine. 332 (26): 1749–1751. doi:10.1056/NEJM199506293322604. ISSN 0028-4793.