Primary hyperaldosteronism causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [2]

Overview

Common causes of primary hyperaldosteronism include aldosterone-secreting adenoma, bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal glands and ectopic secretion of aldosterone from ovaries and kidneys. Less common causes of primary hyperaldosteronism include familial hyperaldosteronism types I-III, pure aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinomas and unilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal gland.

Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of Conn's Syndrome may be divided into:[1][2]

  • Adrenal causes:
    • Aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma (APA-benign tumor, 50-60%)
    • Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA-Bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal gland, 40-50%)
  • Extra-adrenal causes
    • Ectopic secretion of aldosterone (Ovaries and Kidneys)

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of primary hyperladosteronism include:[3][4][5]

  • Familial hyperaldosteronism type I (glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism [GRA])
  • Familial hyperaldosteronism II (the familial occurrence of APA or bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia or both)
  • Familial hyperaldosteronism type III (associated with the germline mutation in the KCNJ5 potassium channel)
  • Pure aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinomas
  • Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia


References

  1. "Primary aldosteronism: renaissance of a syndrome - Young - 2007 - Clinical Endocrinology - Wiley Online Library".
  2. Aronova A, Iii TJ, Zarnegar R (2014). "Management of hypertension in primary aldosteronism". World J Cardiol. 6 (5): 227–33. doi:10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.227. PMC 4062125. PMID 24944753.
  3. "Primary aldosteronism: renaissance of a syndrome - Young - 2007 - Clinical Endocrinology - Wiley Online Library".
  4. So A, Duffy DL, Gordon RD, Jeske YW, Lin-Su K, New MI, Stowasser M (2005). "Familial hyperaldosteronism type II is linked to the chromosome 7p22 region but also shows predicted heterogeneity". J. Hypertens. 23 (8): 1477–84. PMID 16003173.
  5. Song MS, Seo SW, Bae SB, Kim YJ, Kim SJ (2012). "Aldosterone-producing adrenocortical carcinoma without hypertension". Korean J. Intern. Med. 27 (2): 221–3. doi:10.3904/kjim.2012.27.2.221. PMC 3372808. PMID 22707896.

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