Astrocytoma pathophysiology
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Astrocytoma pathophysiology On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shivali Marketkar, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Astrocytomas have a predilection for the cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pons, and optic nerve and chiasm. Although astrocytomas have many different histological characteristics, the most common type is the well-differentiated fibrillary astrocytoma. These tumors express glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which possibly functions as a tumor suppressor[1], and is a useful diagnostic marker in a tissue biopsy. [2]
Pathophysiology
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Pathology
Histologic diagnosis with tissue biopsy will normally reveal an infiltrative character suggestive of the slow growing nature of the tumor. The tumor may be cavitating, pseudocyst-forming, or noncavitating. Appearance is usually white-gray, firm, and almost indistinguishable from normal white matter.
The WHO has given a four point scale depending on the histologic grade of the tumor. This article focuses on the well-differentiated (Grade 2) astrocytoma and Anaplastic(grade 3) astrocytoma. For grade 1 and 4 astrocytomas, see respective article headings:
Video
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References
- ↑ M Toda; et al. (1994). "Cell growth suppression of astrocytoma C6 cells by glial fibrillary acidic protein cDNA transfection". Journal of Neurochemistry. 63 (5): 1975–1978. PMID 7931355.
- ↑ JHN Deck; et al. (1978). "The role of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the diagnosis of central nervous system tumors". Acta Neuropathologica. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg. 42 (3): 183–190. doi:10.1007/BF00690355.