Peritonitis causes: Difference between revisions

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===Infected peritonitis===
===Infected peritonitis===


* Perforation of a hollow viscus is the most common cause of peritonitis. Examples include perforation of the distal[[oesophagus]] ([[Boerhaave syndrome]]), of the [[stomach]] ([[peptic ulcer]], [[gastric carcinoma]], of the [[duodenum]] ([[peptic ulcer]]), of the remaining [[intestine]] (e.g. [[appendicitis]], [[diverticulitis]], [[Meckel diverticulum]], [[IBD]], intestinal infarction, intestinal strangulation, [[colorectal carcinoma]], [[meconium peritonitis]]), or of the [[gallbladder]]([[cholecystitis]]). Other possible reasons for perforation include [[physical trauma|trauma]], ingestion of sharp [[foreign body]](such as a fish bone), perforation by an [[endoscope]] or [[catheter]], and anastomotic leakage. The latter occurrence is particularly difficult to diagnose early, as [[abdominal pain]] and [[ileus|ileus paralyticus]] are considered normal in patients who just underwent [[abdominal surgery]]. In most cases of perforation of a hollow viscus, mixed [[bacteria]] are isolated; the most common agents include [[Gram-negative]] [[bacilli]] (e.g. ''[[Escherichia coli]]'') and [[anaerobic bacteria]] (e.g. ''[[Bacteroides fragilis]]'').
* Perforation of a hollow viscus is the most common cause of peritonitis. Examples include perforation of the distal[[esophagus]] ([[Boerhaave syndrome]]), of the [[stomach]] ([[peptic ulcer]], [[gastric carcinoma]], of the [[duodenum]] ([[peptic ulcer]]), of the remaining [[intestine]] (e.g. [[appendicitis]], [[diverticulitis]], [[Meckel diverticulum]], [[IBD]], intestinal infarction, intestinal strangulation, [[colorectal carcinoma]], [[meconium peritonitis]]), or of the [[gallbladder]]([[cholecystitis]]). Other possible reasons for perforation include [[physical trauma|trauma]], ingestion of sharp [[foreign body]](such as a fish bone), perforation by an [[endoscope]] or [[catheter]], and anastomotic leakage. The latter occurrence is particularly difficult to diagnose early, as [[abdominal pain]] and [[ileus|ileus paralyticus]] are considered normal in patients who just underwent [[abdominal surgery]]. In most cases of perforation of a hollow viscus, mixed [[bacteria]] are isolated; the most common agents include [[gram-negative]] [[bacilli]] (e.g. ''[[Escherichia coli]]'') and [[anaerobic bacteria]] (e.g. ''[[Bacteroides fragilis]]'').
* Disruption of the [[peritoneum]], even in the absence of perforation of a hollow viscus, may also cause infection simply by letting [[micro-organisms]] into the peritoneal cavity. Examples include [[physical trauma|trauma]], surgical wound, continuous ambulatory [[peritoneal dialysis]], intra-peritoneal [[chemotherapy]]. Again, in most cases mixed [[bacteria]] are isolated; the most common agents include cutaneous species such as ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', and [[coagulase]]-negative [[staphylococci]], but many others are possible, including [[fungi]] such as [[Candida]].
* Disruption of the [[peritoneum]], even in the absence of perforation of a hollow viscus, may also cause infection simply by letting [[micro-organisms]] into the peritoneal cavity. Examples include [[physical trauma|trauma]], surgical wound, continuous ambulatory [[peritoneal dialysis]], intra-peritoneal [[chemotherapy]]. Again, in most cases mixed [[bacteria]] are isolated; the most common agents include cutaneous species such as ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', and [[coagulase]]-negative [[staphylococci]], but many others are possible, including [[fungi]] such as [[Candida]].
* Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a peculiar form of peritonitis occurring in the absence of an obvious source of contamination. It occurs either in [[children]], or in patients with [[ascites]]. See the article on [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] for more information.
* Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a peculiar form of peritonitis occurring in the absence of an obvious source of contamination. It occurs either in [[children]], or in patients with [[ascites]]. See the article on [[spontaneous bacterial peritonitis]] for more information.

Revision as of 18:00, 3 April 2013

Peritonitis Main Page

Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Classification

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Secondary Peritonitis

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Causes of peritonitis can be divided into Infected and Non-infected, which are as follows:

Infected peritonitis

Non-infected peritonitis

References


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