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'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:'''{{CZ}}; [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu] [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [[mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]]'''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [[mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]]
'''Associate Editor-In-Chief:'''{{CZ}}; [[User:KeriShafer|Keri Shafer, M.D.]] [mailto:kshafer@bidmc.harvard.edu] [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, MBBS]] [[mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com]]'''Assistant Editor-In-Chief:''' [[Kristin Feeney|Kristin Feeney, B.S.]] [[mailto:kfeeney@elon.edu]]


=='''Overview'''==
==Overview==
2D echocardiography along with doppler ultrasonography is an useful tool to diagnose total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.  
2D echocardiography along with doppler ultrasonography is an useful tool to diagnose total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.  


=='''Echocardiographic findings'''==
==Echocardiographic findings==


The findings on echocardiography depends on the anotomic variant of TAPVC that is there. The findings that could be seen in echocardiography are-
The findings on echocardiography depends on the anotomic variant of TAPVC that is there. The findings that could be seen in echocardiography are-
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{{#ev:youtube|kuCHA1509so}}
{{#ev:youtube|kuCHA1509so}}


'''Common findings''' with all the types are
Common findings with all the types are


* Lack of pulmonary venous connections with the right atrium.
* Lack of pulmonary venous connections with the right atrium.
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Findings found with '''specific type''' of connections are as follow-
Findings found with '''specific type''' of connections are as follow-


'''Supracardiac'''
Supracardiac
* Common ascending vein
* Common ascending vein
* Dilated superior vena cava
* Dilated superior vena cava


'''Infracardiac'''
Infracardiac
* Common descending vein connected to portal or hepatic vein
* Common descending vein connected to portal or hepatic vein
* Dilated inferior vena cava
* Dilated inferior vena cava
* The demonstration of a vessel in the abdomen with the doppler venous flow away from the heart is pathognomic.
* The demonstration of a vessel in the abdomen with the doppler venous flow away from the heart is pathognomic.
    
    
'''Cardiac'''
Cardiac
* Pulmonary vein connected to coronary sinus or right atrium.
* Pulmonary vein connected to coronary sinus or right atrium.



Revision as of 19:48, 5 March 2013


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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor-In-Chief:Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Keri Shafer, M.D. [3] Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [[4]]Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[5]]

Overview

2D echocardiography along with doppler ultrasonography is an useful tool to diagnose total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

Echocardiographic findings

The findings on echocardiography depends on the anotomic variant of TAPVC that is there. The findings that could be seen in echocardiography are-

{{#ev:youtube|gJX55Hqx-pI}}

{{#ev:youtube|kuCHA1509so}}

Common findings with all the types are

  • Lack of pulmonary venous connections with the right atrium.
  • Hypertrophy of the chambers of right side of heart(atrium and ventricle)
  • Right-to-left interatrial connections

Findings found with specific type of connections are as follow-

Supracardiac

  • Common ascending vein
  • Dilated superior vena cava

Infracardiac

  • Common descending vein connected to portal or hepatic vein
  • Dilated inferior vena cava
  • The demonstration of a vessel in the abdomen with the doppler venous flow away from the heart is pathognomic.

Cardiac

  • Pulmonary vein connected to coronary sinus or right atrium.

References

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