Peritonitis causes: Difference between revisions

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Causes of peritonitis can be divided into infected and non-infected, which are as follows:
Causes of peritonitis can be divided into infected and non-infected, which are as follows:


===Infected peritonitis===
===Infected peritonitis causes===
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===Non-infected peritonitis===
===Non-infected peritonitis causes===


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Revision as of 20:37, 1 November 2016

Peritonitis Main Page

Patient Information

Overview

Causes

Classification

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Secondary Peritonitis

Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The most common cause of peritonitis is perforation of a hollow viscus such as perforation of the distal esophagus (Boerhaave syndrome), of the stomach (peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma), of the duodenum (peptic ulcer), of the remaining intestine (e.g. appendicitis, diverticulitis, Meckel's diverticulum, IBD, intestinal infarction, intestinal strangulation, colorectal carcinoma, meconium peritonitis), or of the gallbladder (cholecystitis). Other causes of infected peritonitis include spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and disruption of the peritoneum, such as in cases of trauma, surgical wounds, continuous peritoneal dialysis, and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy. Causes of non-infected peritonitis include endometriosis, blunt abdominal trauma, gastric carcinoma, peptic ulcer, pelvic trauma, and pancreatitis.

Causes

Causes of peritonitis can be divided into infected and non-infected, which are as follows:

Infected peritonitis causes

Perforation of a hollow viscus Disruption of the peritoneum Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) Systemic infections
Perforation of a hollow viscus (most common cause of peritonitis)

-perforation of the distal esophagus (Boerhaave syndrome)
-perforation of the stomach (peptic ulcer, Gastric carcinoma)
-perforation of the duodenum (peptic ulcer)
-perforations of the remaining intestine (e.g. Appendicitis, Diverticulitis, Meckel diverticulum, IBD, Intestinal infarction, Intestinal strangulation, Colorectal carcinoma, Meconium peritonitis)
-perforation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis)

Other possible causes for perforation

-Trauma, -Ingestion of a sharp foreign body (such as a fish bone) -perforation by an endoscope or catheter

Most common organisms -mixed bacteria

-Gram-negative bacilli (e.g. Escherichia coli), Anaerobic bacteria (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis)

-Trauma
-surgical wound
-peritoneal dialysis
-chemotherapy

Most common organisms -mixed bacteria

Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Fungi such as Candida

peritonitis occurring in the absence of an obvious source of contamination. It occurs either in children, or in patients with ascites.

e.g- Tuberculosis

Non-infected peritonitis causes

Leakage of sterile body fluids into the peritoneum Sterile abdominal surgery Rarer non-infectious causes
Sterile body fluids such as

-Blood(e.g.Endometriosis, Blunt abdominal trauma), Gastric juice (e.g.Peptic ulcer, Gastric carcinoma), Bile (e.g. Liver biopsy), Urine (e.g. Pelvic trauma), Menstruum (e.g. salpingitis), Pancreatic juice (pancreatitis), These body fluids are sterile at first, they frequently become infected once they leak out of their organ, leading to infectious peritonitis within 24-48h.

Due to sterile foreign body inadvertently left in the abdomen after surgery (e.g. gauze,sponge)

Familial Mediterranean fever,

porphyria, systemic lupus erythematosus

Infected peritonitis

Non-infected peritonitis

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Appendicitis, Ascites, Boerhaave syndrome, Cholecystitis, Cholelithiasis, Chronic liver disease, Diverticulitis, Gall bladder rupture, Gastrointestinal perforation, IBD, Intestinal strangulation, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, Meckel diverticulitis, Meconium peritonitis, Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, Pancreatitis, Peptic ulcer, Perihepatitis, Recurrent hereditary polyserositis, Toxic megacolon, Typhlitis
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, Intra-peritoneal chemotherapy, Surgical wounds
Infectious Disease Bacteroides fragilis, E. coli, Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Miliary tuberculosis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Endometriosis, Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome, Pelvic inflammatory disease
Oncologic Colorectal carcinoma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Nephritic syndrome
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Systemic lupus erythematosus,
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Ruptured dermoid cyst, Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Causes in Alphabetical Order

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References


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