Sternocleidomastoid muscle

You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.

Sternocleidomastoid
The triangles of the neck. (Anterior triangles to the left; posterior triangles to the right.)
Muscles of the neck. Lateral view.
Latin	musculus sternocleidomastoideus
Gray's	subject #111 390
Origin:	manubrium sterni, medial portion of the clavicle
Insertion:	mastoid process of the temporal bone, superior nuchal line
Artery:	occipital artery and the superior thyroid artery
Nerve:	motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus
Action:	Acting alone, tilts head to its own side and rotates it so the face is turned towards the opposite side. Acting together, flexes the neck, raises the sternum and assists in forced inspiration.
Dorlands/Elsevier	m_22/12550942

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-525-6884

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

In human anatomy, the sternocleidomastoid (pronounced /ˌstɚ.noˌkli.dəˈmæs.tɔɪ̯d/) muscles are anterior muscles in the neck that act to flex and rotate the head.

It also acts as an accessory muscle of inspiration, along with the scalene muscles of the neck.

Etymology

It is given the name sternocleidomastoid because it originates with the sternum (sterno-) and clavicle (cleido-), and articulates with the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull. It is also called the sternomastoid muscle.

Origins and insertions of the two heads

The Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternomastoid muscle) passes obliquely across the side of the neck.

It is thick and narrow at its central part, but broader and thinner at either end. It arises from the sternum and clavicle by two heads.

• The medial or sternal head is a rounded fasciculus, tendinous in front, fleshy behind, which arises from the upper part of the anterior surface of the manubrium sterni, and is directed upward, lateralward, and backward.

• The lateral or clavicular head, composed of fleshy and aponeurotic fibers, arises from the superior border and anterior surface of the medial third of the clavicle; it is directed almost vertically upward.

The two heads are separated from one another at their origins by a triangular interval, but gradually blend, below the middle of the neck, into a thick, rounded muscle which is inserted, by a strong tendon, into the lateral surface of the mastoid process, from its apex to its superior border, and by a thin aponeurosis into the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone.

Variations

The Sternocleidomastoideus varies much in the extent of its origin from the clavicle: in some cases the clavicular head may be as narrow as the sternal; in others it may be as much as 7.5 cm. in breadth.

When the clavicular origin is broad, it is occasionally subdivided into several slips, separated by narrow intervals.

More rarely, the adjoining margins of the Sternocleidomastoideus and Trapezius have been found in contact.

The Supraclavicularis muscle arises from the manubrium behind the Sternocleidomastoideus (also known as the wing and named after a large prehistoric bird) and passes behind the Sternocleidomastoideus to the upper surface of the clavicle.

Additional images

Anterior surface of sternum and costal cartilages.	Occipital bone. Outer surface.	Left temporal bone. Outer surface.	Base of skull. Inferior surface.
Left clavicle. Superior surface.	Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra.	Superficial dissection of the right side of the neck, showing the carotid and subclavian arteries.	Veins of the head and neck.
The veins of the neck, viewed from in front.	The nerves of the scalp, face, and side of neck.	Anterolateral view of head and neck.	Front view of neck.

Muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. The posterior surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle is labeled.

External links

• LUC scm
• 436600910 at GPnotebook
• SUNY Figs 24:01-03
• Sternocleidomastoid+muscle at eMedicine Dictionary
• Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, at Elsevier 25420.000-1

This article was originally based on an entry from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy. As such, some of the information contained herein may be outdated. Please edit the article if this is the case, and feel free to remove this notice when it is no longer relevant.

de:Musculus sternocleidomastoideusfr:Muscle sterno-cléido-mastoïdien hu:Fejbiccentő izom it:Sternocleidomastoideo ja:胸鎖乳突筋 nl:Musculus sternocleidomastoideussv:Sternocleidomastoideus th:กล้ามเนื้อสเตอร์โนไคลโดมาสตอยด์

Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .