Renal cell carcinoma risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors for the development of renal cell carcinoma include cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension, end-stage renal failure, acquired cystic renal disease, acetaminophen and analgesic drug use, asbestos or trichloroethylene exposure, tuberous sclerosis, Von-Hippel Lindau disease, hereditary paraganglioma, leiomyomatosis, and birt-hogg-dube syndrome.
Risk factors
Common risk factors in the development of renal cell carcinoma include:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- Active and passive cigarette smoking
- Obesity
- Hypertension
- End-stage renal failure
- Acquired cystic renal disease
- Acetaminophen and analgesic drug use
- Occupational exposure
- Asbestos
- Trichloroethylene
- Cadmium
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Von-Hippel Lindau syndrome
- Leiomyomatosis
- Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome
- Chronic hepatitis C infection
References
- ↑ Hunt JD, van der Hel OL, McMillan GP, Boffetta P, Brennan P (2005). "Renal cell carcinoma in relation to cigarette smoking: meta-analysis of 24 studies". Int J Cancer. 114 (1): 101–8. doi:10.1002/ijc.20618. PMID 15523697.
- ↑ Yuan JM, Castelao JE, Gago-Dominguez M, Yu MC, Ross RK (1998). "Tobacco use in relation to renal cell carcinoma". Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 7 (5): 429–33. PMID 9610793.
- ↑ Bjørge T, Tretli S, Engeland A (2004). "Relation of height and body mass index to renal cell carcinoma in two million Norwegian men and women". Am J Epidemiol. 160 (12): 1168–76. doi:10.1093/aje/. PMID 15583369.
- ↑ van Dijk BA, Schouten LJ, Kiemeney LA, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA (2004). "Relation of height, body mass, energy intake, and physical activity to risk of renal cell carcinoma: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study". Am J Epidemiol. 160 (12): 1159–67. doi:10.1093/aje/. PMID 15583368.
- ↑ Ishikawa I, Saito Y, Asaka M, Tomosugi N, Yuri T, Watanabe M; et al. (2003). "Twenty-year follow-up of acquired renal cystic disease". Clin Nephrol. 59 (3): 153–9. PMID 12653256.
- ↑ Rakowski SK, Winterkorn EB, Paul E, Steele DJ, Halpern EF, Thiele EA (2006). "Renal manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex: Incidence, prognosis, and predictive factors". Kidney Int. 70 (10): 1777–82. doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5001853. PMID 17003820.
- ↑ McCredie M, Pommer W, McLaughlin JK, Stewart JH, Lindblad P, Mandel JS; et al. (1995). "International renal-cell cancer study. II. Analgesics". Int J Cancer. 60 (3): 345–9. PMID 7829242.
- ↑ Rini BI, Campbell SC, Escudier B (2009). "Renal cell carcinoma". Lancet. 373 (9669): 1119–32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60229-4. PMID 19269025.