Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase
| Orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase | |
|---|---|
| 220px E. coli OMP decarboxylase, drawn from PDB 1EIX | |
| Other names: | OMP decarboxylase, Orotidylic decarboxylase, Orotate decarboxylase, UMP synthase |
| Protein Structure/Function | |
| Molecular Weight: | 26,500 monomer (E.coli) (Da) |
| Structure: | Dimer in solution |
| Protein type: | Enzyme Decarboxylase |
| Functions: | Converts OMP to UMP |
| Other | |
| Taxa expressing: | Plants, fungi, bacteria and animals |
| Cell types: | Cytoplasm |
| Subcellular localization: | General |
| Pathway(s): | Pyrimidine metabolism |
| Enzymatic Data | |
| Cofactor(s): | None |
| Enzyme Regulation: | Product inhibition |
| Medical/Biotechnological data | |
| Diseases: | Oroticaciduria II |
| Pharmaceuticals: | allopurinol |
| Related information | |
| Related articles: | BRENDA and ENZYME |
Orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase is an enzyme involved in pyrimidine metabolism.
Function
The enzyme converts orotidine monophosphate (OMP) to uridine monophosphate (UMP) by liberating carbon dioxide. It is known for being an extraordinarily efficient catalyst capable of accelerating the uncatalyzed reaction rate by a factor of 1017. To put it in perspective, the enzyme can catalyze the substrate in 18 milliseconds, in a reaction that would take 78 million years to complete without the enzyme. [1][2]
Unicellular vs Multicellular Function
In yeast and bacteria OMP decarboxylase is a single-function enzyme. However, in mammals, OMP decarboxylase is part of a single protein with two catalytic activities. This bifunctional enzyme is named UMP synthase and it also catalyzes the preceding reaction in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis, the transfer of ribose 5-phosphate from 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate to orotate to form OMP.[3]
References
- ↑ Radzicka A, Wolfenden R. (1995). "A proficient enzyme.". Science 6 (267): 90-93. PMID 7809611.
- ↑ Miller BG, Wolfenden R. (2002). "Catalytic proficiency: the unusual case of OMP decarboxylase.". Annu Rev Biochem. 71: 847-885. PMID 12045113.
- ↑ Yablonski MJ, Pasek DA, Han BD, Jones ME, Traut TW. (1996). "Intrinsic activity and stability of bifunctional human UMP synthase and its two separate catalytic domains, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase.". J Biol Chem. 271 (18): 10704-10708. PMID 8631878.
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