Mitoxantrone

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Image:Mitoxantrone skeletal.svg
Mitoxantrone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[2-(2-hydroxyethylamino) ethylamino]-anthracene-9,10-dione
Identifiers
CAS number	65271-80-9
ATC code	L01DB07
PubChem	4212
DrugBank	APRD00371
Chemical data
Formula	C22H28N4O6
Mol. mass	444.481 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	n/a
Protein binding	78%
Metabolism	Hepatic (CYP2E1)
Half life	75 hours
Excretion	Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	D(US)
Legal status	℞ Prescription only
Routes	Exclusively intravenous

WikiDoc Resources for Mitoxantrone
Articles
Most recent articles on Mitoxantrone Most cited articles on Mitoxantrone Review articles on Mitoxantrone Articles on Mitoxantrone in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Mitoxantrone Images of Mitoxantrone Photos of Mitoxantrone Podcasts & MP3s on Mitoxantrone Videos on Mitoxantrone
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Mitoxantrone Bandolier on Mitoxantrone TRIP on Mitoxantrone
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Mitoxantrone at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Mitoxantrone Clinical Trials on Mitoxantrone at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Mitoxantrone NICE Guidance on Mitoxantrone NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Mitoxantrone CDC on Mitoxantrone
Books
Books on Mitoxantrone
News
Mitoxantrone in the news Be alerted to news on Mitoxantrone News trends on Mitoxantrone
Commentary
Blogs on Mitoxantrone
Definitions
Definitions of Mitoxantrone
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Mitoxantrone Discussion groups on Mitoxantrone Patient Handouts on Mitoxantrone Directions to Hospitals Treating Mitoxantrone Risk calculators and risk factors for Mitoxantrone
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Mitoxantrone Causes & Risk Factors for Mitoxantrone Diagnostic studies for Mitoxantrone Treatment of Mitoxantrone
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Mitoxantrone
International
Mitoxantrone en Espanol Mitoxantrone en Francais
Businness
Mitoxantrone in the Marketplace Patents on Mitoxantrone
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Mitoxantrone

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Overview

Mitoxantrone is an anthracycline antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, mostly metastatic breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Mitoxantrone is also used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), most notably the subset known as secondary progressive MS. Mitoxantrone will not cure multiple sclerosis, but is effective in slowing the progression of secondary progressive MS and extending the time between relapses in relapsing-remitting MS and progressive relapsing MS.^[1]

Mechanism of action

Mitoxantrone is a type II topoisomerase inhibitor; it disrupts DNA synthesis and DNA repair in both healthy cells and cancer cells.

Side effects

As other drugs in its class, mitoxantrone may cause several adverse reactions of varying severity, such as nausea, vomiting, hair loss, heart damage, and immunosuppression. Some side effects may have delayed onset. Cardiomyopathy is a particularly concerning effect as it is irreversible; regular monitoring with echocardiograms or MUGA scans are recommended for people taking mitoxantrone.

The medication carries a total lifetime dose based on body surface area.^[1]

Notes

v • d • e Chemotherapeutic agents/Antineoplastic agents (L01)
Alkylating and alkylating-like agents	Nitrogen mustards: (Chlorambucil, Chlormethine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Bendamustine, Uramustine) Nitrosoureas:(Carmustine, Fotemustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin) Platinum (alkylating-like): (Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, Triplatin tetranitrate, Satraplatin) Alkyl sulfonates:(Busulfan, Treosulfan) Hydrazines:(Procarbazine, Dacarbazine, Temozolomide) Aziridines:(ThioTEPA)
Antimetabolites	Folic acid: (Aminopterin, Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, Raltitrexed). Purine:(Cladribine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine) Pyrimidine:(Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Decitabine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Gemcitabine)
Spindle poison/mitotic inhibitor	Taxane: (Docetaxel, Larotaxel, Paclitaxel). Vinca: (Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine).
Cytotoxic/antitumor antibiotics	Anthracycline family: (Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone, Pixantrone, Valrubicin) streptomyces (Actinomycin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, Plicamycin) - Hydroxyurea
Topoisomerase inhibitors	Camptotheca: (Camptothecin, Topotecan, Irinotecan, Rubitecan), Podophyllum:(Etoposide, Teniposide)
CI monoclonal antibodies	Receptor tyrosine kinase (Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Trastuzumab) - CD20 (Rituximab, Tositumomab) - other (Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Gemtuzumab)
Photosensitizers	Aminolevulinic acid, Methyl aminolevulinate, Porfimer sodium, Verteporfin
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Axitinib, Bosutinib, Cediranib, Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Lestaurtinib, Nilotinib, Semaxanib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor	Seliciclib
Other	retinoids (Alitretinoin, Tretinoin), Fusion protein (Aflibercept) - Altretamine, Amsacrine, Anagrelide, Arsenic trioxide, Asparaginase (Pegaspargase), Bexarotene, Bortezomib, Celecoxib, Denileukin diftitox, Elesclomol, Estramustine, Irofulven, Ixabepilone, Masoprocol, Mitotane, Oblimersen, Testolactone, Tipifarnib, Trabectedin

v • d • e WikiDoc Research Resources for Mitoxantrone (Click show to right to view)
Articles on Mitoxantrone	Most recent articles on Mitoxantrone • Most cited articles on Mitoxantrone • Review articles on Mitoxantrone • Articles on Mitoxantrone in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Mitoxantrone	Powerpoint slides on Mitoxantrone • Images of Mitoxantrone • Photos of Mitoxantrone • Podcasts & MP3s on Mitoxantrone • Videos on Mitoxantrone
Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Mitoxantrone	Cochrane Collaboration on Mitoxantrone • Bandolier on Mitoxantrone • TRIP on Mitoxantrone
Cost Effectiveness of Mitoxantrone	Cost Effectiveness of Mitoxantrone
Clinical Trials Involving Mitoxantrone	Ongoing Trials on Mitoxantrone at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Mitoxantrone • Clinical Trials on Mitoxantrone at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Mitoxantrone	US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Mitoxantrone • NICE Guidance on Mitoxantrone • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Mitoxantrone • CDC on Mitoxantrone
Textbook Information on Mitoxantrone	Books and Textbook Information on Mitoxantrone
Pharmacology Resources on Mitoxantrone	Dosing of Mitoxantrone • Drug interactions with Mitoxantrone • Side effects of Mitoxantrone • Allergic reactions to Mitoxantrone • Overdose information on Mitoxantrone • Carcinogenicity information on Mitoxantrone • Mitoxantrone in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Mitoxantrone •
Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Mitoxantrone	Genetics of Mitoxantrone • Pharmacogenomics of Mitoxantrone • Proteomics of Mitoxantrone
Newstories on Mitoxantrone	Mitoxantrone in the news • Be alerted to news on Mitoxantrone • News trends on Mitoxantrone
Commentary on Mitoxantrone	Blogs on Mitoxantrone
Patient Resources on Mitoxantrone	Patient resources on Mitoxantrone • Discussion groups on Mitoxantrone • Patient Handouts on Mitoxantrone • Directions to Hospitals Treating Mitoxantrone • Risk calculators and risk factors for Mitoxantrone
Healthcare Provider Resources on Mitoxantrone	Symptoms of Mitoxantrone • Causes & Risk Factors for Mitoxantrone • Diagnostic studies for Mitoxantrone • Treatment of Mitoxantrone
Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Mitoxantrone	CME Programs on Mitoxantrone
International Resources on Mitoxantrone	Mitoxantrone en Espanol • Mitoxantrone en Francais
Business Resources on Mitoxantrone	Mitoxantrone in the Marketplace • Patents on Mitoxantrone
Informatics Resources on Mitoxantrone	List of terms related to Mitoxantrone

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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content

Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .