Gram
You don't need to be Editor-In-Chief to add or edit content to WikiDoc. You can begin to add to or edit text on this WikiDoc page by clicking on the edit button at the top of this page. Next enter or edit the information that you would like to appear here. Once you are done editing, scroll down and click the Save page button at the bottom of the page.
| Gram | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit sign | g | |||
| Measure | Mass | |||
| Base Unit | Kilogram | |||
| Multiple of Base | 10-3 | |||
| System | SI, CGS, other | |||
| Common usage | Commonly used in cooking and food labeling | |||
| Examples | ||||
| One millilitre of water is 1 g at 4 °C. Typical coins: a euro is 7.5 g and a US penny is 2.5 g | ||||
| Conversion | ||||
| SI | 10 dg= 1 g = 0.1 dag = 0.001 kg | |||
| Imperial | 1 g ≈ 0.0353 ounce ≈ 0.00220 pound | |||
| see also: Orders of magnitude (mass) | ||||
| Next units | ||||
| decigram | < | Gram | < | decagram |
|
WikiDoc Resources for Gram | |
|
Articles | |
|---|---|
|
Media | |
|
Evidence Based Medicine | |
|
Clinical Trials | |
|
Ongoing Trials on Gram at Clinical Trials.gov Clinical Trials on Gram at Google
| |
|
Guidelines / Policies / Govt | |
|
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Gram
| |
|
Books | |
|
News | |
|
Commentary | |
|
Definitions | |
|
Patient Resources / Community | |
|
Directions to Hospitals Treating Gram Risk calculators and risk factors for Gram
| |
|
Healthcare Provider Resources | |
|
Continuing Medical Education (CME) | |
|
International | |
|
| |
|
Business | |
|
Experimental / Informatics | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753
Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [2] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.
The gram (sometimes gramme in British English, although gram prevails), (Greek/Latin root grámma); symbol g, is a unit of mass.
Originally defined as "the absolute weight of a volume of pure water equal to the cube of the hundredth part of a metre, and at the temperature of melting ice"[1] (later 4 °C), a gram is now defined as one one-thousandth of the SI base unit, the kilogram, or 1×10-3 kg, which itself is defined as being equal to the mass of a physical prototype preserved by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.
Examples
All masses are approximate:
- Plastic pen cap (Bic): 1 gram
- A single Smartie: 1 gram
- Paper clip: 0.5 grams to 1.5 grams
- 1 US banknote (any denomination): 1 gram[2]
- 1 litre of air: 1.2 grams
- A teaspoon of salt: 4.745 grams
- Typical sheet of A4 paper: 5 grams (if 80 g/m²)
- United States nickel: 5 grams (very accurate when new)[3]
Other abbreviations
The International System of Units abbreviation for the gram is g, and follows the numeric value with a space, as in "200 g"[4][5]. In some fields and regions, the international standard symbols for units are used quite strictly, in particular in technical and scientific publications and in legally regulated product labels. In other contexts (e.g., grocery market traders), a wide range of other abbreviations can also be encountered, such as gr, gm, grm, gms, grms.
History
It was the base unit of mass in the original French metric system and the later centimetre-gram-second (CGS) system of units. The word originates from late Latin gramma – a small weight.
Uses
The gram is today the most widely used unit of measurement for non-liquid ingredients in cooking and grocery shopping worldwide. For food products that are typically sold in quantities far less than 1 kg, the unit price is normally given per 100 g.
Most standards and legal requirements for nutrition labels on food products require relative contents to be stated per 100 g of the product, such that the resulting figure can also be read as a percentage.
SI multiples
Because SI prefixes may not be concatenated (serially linked) within the name or symbol for a unit of measure, SI prefixes are used with the gram, not the kilogram, which already has a prefix as part of its name.[6] For instance, one-millionth of a kilogram is 1 mg (one milligram), not 1 µkg (one microkilogram).
| Submultiples | Multiples | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Symbol | Name | Value | Symbol | Name | |
| 10–1 g | dg | decigram | 101 g | dag | decagram | |
| 10–2 g | cg | centigram | 102 g | hg | hectogram | |
| 10–3 g | mg | milligram | 103 g | kg | kilogram | |
| 10–6 g | µg | microgram (mcg) | 106 g | Mg | megagram (tonne) | |
| 10–9 g | ng | nanogram | 109 g | Gg | gigagram | |
| 10–12 g | pg | picogram | 1012 g | Tg | teragram | |
| 10–15 g | fg | femtogram | 1015 g | Pg | petagram | |
| 10–18 g | ag | attogram | 1018 g | Eg | exagram | |
| 10–21 g | zg | zeptogram | 1021 g | Zg | zettagram | |
| 10–24 g | yg | yoctogram | 1024 g | Yg | yottagram | |
| Common prefixes are in bold face.[7] | ||||||
- When the Greek lowercase “µ” (mu) in the symbol of microgram is typographically unavailable, it is occasionally—although not properly—replaced by Latin lowercase “u”.
- The microgram is often abbreviated “mcg”, particularly in pharmaceutical and nutritional supplement labeling, to avoid confusion since the “µ” prefix is not well recognized outside of technical disciplines.[8] Note however, that the abbreviation “mcg”, is also the symbol for an obsolete CGS unit of measure known as the “millicentigram,” which is equal to 10 µg.
- The unit name “megagram” is rarely used, and even then, typically only in technical fields in contexts where especially rigorous consistency with the units of measure is desired. For most purposes, the term “tonne,” or “metric ton” is instead used. Further, whereas unit name “megatonne” or “megaton” (Mt) is often used in popular literature on global climate change, the equivalent value in scientific literature on the subject is the “teragram” (Tg).
Conversion factors
- 1 grain = 0.06479891 gram
- 1 ounce (avoirdupois) = 28.349523125 grams
- 1 ounce (troy) = 31.1034768 grams
References
- ↑ Décret relatif aux poids et aux mesures, 1795
- ↑ Bureau of Engraving and Printing
- ↑ The United States Mint Coin Specifications
- ↑ SI brochure, Section 3.2
- ↑ NIST Special Publication 811
- ↑ NIST: SI prefixes (link to Web site).
- ↑ Criterion: A combined total of at least 250,000 Google hits on both the U.S. spelling (-gram) and the U.K./International spelling (-gramme).
- ↑ The practice of using the abbreviation “mcg” rather than the SI symbol “µg” was formally mandated for medical practitioners in 2004 by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) in their “Do Not Use” List: Abbreviations, Acronyms, and Symbols because hand-written expressions of “µg” can be confused with “mg”, resulting in a thousand-fold overdosing. The mandate was also adopted by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices.
See also
External links
ar:جرام
ast:Gramu
be:Грам
bg:Грам
ca:Gram
da:Gram (enhed)
de:Gramm
et:Gramm
el:Γραμμάριοeo:Gramo
fa:گرمko:그램
hi:ग्राम
it:Grammo
ku:Gram
lt:Gramas
hu:Gramm
nl:Gram (eenheid)no:Gram
nn:Gram
nrm:Granmesimple:Gram
sk:Gram
sl:Gram
sv:Gram
th:กรัมuk:Грам
ur:گرام
yi:גראם (מאס)
zh-yue:克
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
