Atrophic rhinitis
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| Atrophic rhinitis Classification and external resources | |
| ICD-10 | J31.0 |
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| ICD-9 | 472.0 |
| DiseasesDB | 30798 |
| MeSH | D012222 |
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Cochrane Collaboration on Atrophic rhinitis | |
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Ongoing Trials on Atrophic rhinitis at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Atrophic rhinitis Clinical Trials on Atrophic rhinitis at Google
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US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Atrophic rhinitis NICE Guidance on Atrophic rhinitis
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Atrophic Rhinitis also called as Ozaena, it is a chronic inflammation of nose characterised by atrophy of nasal mucosa including the glands, turbinate bones, and the nerve elements supplying the nose.
Atrophic Rhinitis is of two types: primary and secondary.
Primary Atrophic Rhinitis
Aetiology
- Heredity factors: Disease runs in families
- Endocrine Imbalance: Disease tends to start at puberty and mostly involves females
- Racial factors: White and yellow races
- Nutritional deficeincy: Vit A, D or iron
- Infection: Klebsiella ozaenae, diphtheroids, P.vulgaris, E.coli etc.
- Autoimmune: Viral infection or some other unidentified insult may trigger antigenicity of nasal mucosa
Pathology
Ciliated columnar epthelium of the nasal mucosa is replaced by stratified squamous epithelium. Atrophy of mucosa, turbinal bones, seromucinous glands tend to occur. This is due to obliterative endarteritis causing decreased blood supply hence the supplying area atrophies.
Clinical manifestations
Disease is most commonly seen in females and tends to appear during puberty. The nasal cavities become roomy and are filled with foul smelling crusts which are black and dry. Microorganisims are known to multiply and this produces a foul smell from the nose, though patient is not aware of this because his/her nerve aliments (responsible for the perception of smell) have become atrophied. Patients usually complain of nasal obstruction despite the roomy nasal cavity, which can be caused either by the obstruction produced by the discharge in the nose, or as a result of sensory loss due to atrophy of nerves in the nose so that the patient is unaware of the air flow. In the case of the second cause, the sensation of obstruction is subjective. Bleeding from the nose, also called epistaxis may occur when the dried discharge (crusts) are removed. Septal perforation and dermatitis of nasal vestibule can occur. Nose may show a saddly nose deformity. Atrophic rhinitis is also associated with similar atrophic changes in the pharynx, larynx producing symptoms pertaining to these structures. Hearing impairment can occur due to Eustachian tube blockage causing middle ear effusion.
Prognosis
Disease has a tendency to recover spontaneously by middle age.
Treatment options
Treatment of Atrophic Rhinitis can be either medical or surgical.
Medical measures include:
- Nasal irrigation and removal of crusts using alkaline nasal douches
- 25% glucose in glycerine can be applied to nasal mucosa, this inhibits growth of foul smelling proteolytic organisms
- Local antibiotics like Kemicetine (Chloramphenicol) Ostradiol and Vit D2
- Ostradiol spray
- Systemic streptomycin
- Oral potassium iodide
- placental extract injected in the submucosa
Surgical Interventions include
- Young's operation
- Modified Young's operation
- Narrowing of nasal cavities, submucosal injection of Teflon paste, section and medial displacement of lateral wall of nose
- Transposition of parotid duct to maxillary sinus or nasal mucosa.
External links
WikiDoc Research Resources for Atrophic rhinitis | |
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| Articles on Atrophic rhinitis | Most recent articles on Atrophic rhinitis • Most cited articles on Atrophic rhinitis • Review articles on Atrophic rhinitis • Articles on Atrophic rhinitis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ |
| Media (Slides, Video, Images, MP3) on Atrophic rhinitis | Powerpoint slides on Atrophic rhinitis • Images of Atrophic rhinitis • Photos of Atrophic rhinitis • Podcasts & MP3s on Atrophic rhinitis • Videos on Atrophic rhinitis |
| Evidence Based Medicine Regarding Atrophic rhinitis | Cochrane Collaboration on Atrophic rhinitis • Bandolier on Atrophic rhinitis • TRIP on Atrophic rhinitis |
| Cost Effectiveness of Atrophic rhinitis | Cost Effectiveness of Atrophic rhinitis |
| Clinical Trials Involving Atrophic rhinitis | Ongoing Trials on Atrophic rhinitis at Clinical Trials.gov • Trial results on Atrophic rhinitis • Clinical Trials on Atrophic rhinitis at Google |
| Guidelines / Policies / Government Resources (FDA/CDC) Regarding Atrophic rhinitis | US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Atrophic rhinitis • NICE Guidance on Atrophic rhinitis • NHS PRODIGY Guidance • FDA on Atrophic rhinitis • CDC on Atrophic rhinitis |
| Textbook Information on Atrophic rhinitis | Books and Textbook Information on Atrophic rhinitis |
| Pharmacology Resources on Atrophic rhinitis | Dosing of Atrophic rhinitis • Drug interactions with Atrophic rhinitis • Side effects of Atrophic rhinitis • Allergic reactions to Atrophic rhinitis • Overdose information on Atrophic rhinitis • Carcinogenicity information on Atrophic rhinitis • Atrophic rhinitis in pregnancy • Pharmacokinetics of Atrophic rhinitis • |
| Genetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Proteinomics of Atrophic rhinitis | Genetics of Atrophic rhinitis • Pharmacogenomics of Atrophic rhinitis • Proteomics of Atrophic rhinitis |
| Newstories on Atrophic rhinitis | Atrophic rhinitis in the news • Be alerted to news on Atrophic rhinitis • News trends on Atrophic rhinitis |
| Commentary on Atrophic rhinitis | Blogs on Atrophic rhinitis |
| Patient Resources on Atrophic rhinitis | Patient resources on Atrophic rhinitis • Discussion groups on Atrophic rhinitis • Patient Handouts on Atrophic rhinitis • Directions to Hospitals Treating Atrophic rhinitis • Risk calculators and risk factors for Atrophic rhinitis |
| Healthcare Provider Resources on Atrophic rhinitis | Symptoms of Atrophic rhinitis • Causes & Risk Factors for Atrophic rhinitis • Diagnostic studies for Atrophic rhinitis • Treatment of Atrophic rhinitis |
| Continuing Medical Education (CME) Programs on Atrophic rhinitis | CME Programs on Atrophic rhinitis |
| International Resources on Atrophic rhinitis | Atrophic rhinitis en Espanol • Atrophic rhinitis en Francais |
| Business Resources on Atrophic rhinitis | Atrophic rhinitis in the Marketplace • Patents on Atrophic rhinitis |
| Informatics Resources on Atrophic rhinitis | List of terms related to Atrophic rhinitis |
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Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
