Atrial fibrillation risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Risk Factors
Reversible or Modifiable Underlying Conditions Associated with Atrial Fibrillation
- Alcohol and alcohol withdrawal
- Breath spray which contains alcohol [1]
- Caffeine (coffee or tea)
- Cocaine
- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
- Esophageal surgery
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypomagnesemia[2]
- Hypothermia
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypoxia
- Pericarditis and pericardial disease in general
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pulmonary embolism
- Stimulants
Irreversible Underlying Conditions Associated with Atrial Fibrillation
Risk Stratification
- Once a patient develops atrial fibrillation, their risk of subsequent events can be assessed using the following scores:
- The risk of bleeding associated with anticoagulation can be assessed using the following score:
Risk factors for Ischemic Stroke or Systemic Embolization in Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Risk factors and relative risks are tabulated below. [3]
| Risk Factor | Relative Risk |
| Advanced age (continuous, per decade) | |
| History of hypertension | |
| Heart failure or impaired left ventricular systolic function | |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) | |
| Diabetes mellitus (DM) | |
| Previous stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) | |
Reference
- ↑ Ridker PM, Gibson CM, Lopez R (1989). "Atrial fibrillation induced by breath spray.". N Engl J Med 320 (2): 124. PMID 2914028.
- ↑ May Khan A, Lubitz SA, Sullivan LM, Sun JX, Levy D, Vasan RS et al. (2012). "Low Serum Magnesium and the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in the Community: The Framingham Heart Study.". Circulation. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.082511. PMID 23172839.
- ↑ Estes NA, Halperin JL, Calkins H, Ezekowitz MD, Gitman P, Go AS et al. (2008) ACC/AHA/Physician Consortium 2008 clinical performance measures for adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Performance Measures for Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 117 (8):1101-20. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187192 PMID: 18283199
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