Acute phase protein
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Acute-phase proteins are a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations increase (positive acute phase proteins) or decrease (negative acute phase proteins) in response to inflammation. This response is called the acute-phase reaction (also called acute phase response).
In response to injury, local inflammatory cells (neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages) secrete a number of cytokines into the bloodstream, most notable of which are the interleukins IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8, and TNF-α.
The liver responds by producing a large number of acute-phase reactants.
Examples
The notable are:
- D-dimer protein
- C-reactive protein
- Mannose-binding protein
- Alpha 1-antitrypsin
- Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
- Alpha 2-macroglobulin
- some coagulation factors (Fibrinogen, prothrombin, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, plasminogen)
- Complement factors
- Ferritin
- Serum amyloid P component (see amyloid)
- Serum amyloid A
- Prealbumin
Serum albumin concentrations fall in acute disease states. For this reason albumin is sometimes referred to as a negative acute phase protein.
Clinical significance
Measurement of acute phase proteins is a useful marker of inflammation in both medical and veterinary clinical pathology. It corellates with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
External links
Acute phase proteins |
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| Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin - Alpha 1-antitrypsin - Alpha 2-macroglobulin - C-reactive protein - Ceruloplasmin - C3 - Fibrin - Haptoglobin - Haemopexin - Orosomucoid - Serum albumin (negative) - Amyloid (P, A) - Transferrin |
fr:Protéine de phase aiguë nl:Acutefase-eiwitsl:Beljakovina akutne faze sv:Akutfasprotein
Acknowledgement and Attribution Regarding Sources of Content
Some of the initial content on this page may be incorporated in part from copyleft sources in the public domain including wikis such as Wikipedia and AskDrWiki. Drug information for patients came from the The National Library of Medicine. Infectious disease information may have come from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Differential Diagnoses are drawn from clinicians as well as an amalgamation of 3 sources: 1.The Disease Database; 2. Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:3; 3. Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:7 .
