Yersinia pestis infection risk factors: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
People who are at higher risk of being [[infected]] with the [[plague]] include: people who live in rural areas, near animals such as rodents; people who live in houses where sanitation is poor; and those who deal frequently with animals, such as veterinaries.
Risk factors for plague include living in rural areas, near animals such as rodents, or in houses where sanitation is poor. People who deal frequently with animals, such as veterinaries, are at higher risk for infection with ''[[Yersinia pestis]]''.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
[[Risk factor]]s for [[infection]] by [[Yersinia pestis]] include:<ref name=CDC>{{cite web | title = Plague | url = http://www.cdc.gov/plague/ }}</ref><ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Plague | url = http://www.who.int/topics/plague/en/ }}</ref>
The most important factor associated with the development of plague is the exposure to infected fleas where local rodents are transmitting infection. In the United States, the highest risk of acquiring [[Yersinia pestis]] is between February and August (plague season), which corresponds to the timing of the rodent epidemics. Death of the affected rodents is also correlated with better fertility of rodent fleas which are the main vectors for the disease.<ref name="pmid19606935">{{cite journal| author=Butler T| title=Plague into the 21st century. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 | pages= 736-42 | pmid=19606935 | doi=10.1086/604718 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19606935  }} </ref>
* Living in areas where the [[bacteria]] are present in wild rodent populations
Other important [[risk factor]]s for [[infection]] by [[Yersinia pestis]] include:<ref name="who">{{cite journal| author=World Health Organization| title=Plague Manual: Epidemiology, Distribution, Surveillance and Control | journal=WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC | year= 1999 | volume=  | issue= 27 | url=http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/plague/WHO_CDS_CSR_EDC_99_2_EN/en/ }} </ref><ref name="pmid19606935">{{cite journal| author=Butler T| title=Plague into the 21st century. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2009 | volume= 49 | issue= 5 | pages= 736-42 | pmid=19606935 | doi=10.1086/604718 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19606935  }} </ref>
* Living in rural and semi-rural areas, including homes that provide food and shelter for various ground squirrels, chipmunks and wood rats, or other areas where you may encounter rodents
* Living in endemic areas especially in warm climates
* Living in areas where housing and sanitation conditions are poor
* Poor sanitation and living conditions
* People who handle infected animals (such as veterinaries)
* Unsettled conditions of war and relocation of refugees
* People who have cats that have the plague
* People who handle infected animals (veterinaries)
* People who come in contact with infected animals (hunting, or camping)


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 00:46, 30 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

Risk factors for plague include living in rural areas, near animals such as rodents, or in houses where sanitation is poor. People who deal frequently with animals, such as veterinaries, are at higher risk for infection with Yersinia pestis.

Risk Factors

The most important factor associated with the development of plague is the exposure to infected fleas where local rodents are transmitting infection. In the United States, the highest risk of acquiring Yersinia pestis is between February and August (plague season), which corresponds to the timing of the rodent epidemics. Death of the affected rodents is also correlated with better fertility of rodent fleas which are the main vectors for the disease.[1] Other important risk factors for infection by Yersinia pestis include:[2][1]

  • Living in endemic areas especially in warm climates
  • Poor sanitation and living conditions
  • Unsettled conditions of war and relocation of refugees
  • People who handle infected animals (veterinaries)
  • People who come in contact with infected animals (hunting, or camping)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Butler T (2009). "Plague into the 21st century". Clin Infect Dis. 49 (5): 736–42. doi:10.1086/604718. PMID 19606935.
  2. World Health Organization (1999). "Plague Manual: Epidemiology, Distribution, Surveillance and Control". WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC (27).

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