Whipworm infection: Difference between revisions

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{{About1|Trichuris trichiura}}
{{infobox Disease |
  Name          = Trichuriasis |
  Image          = Trichuris egg.jpg |
  Caption        = Trichuris egg |
 
}}
{{Whipworm infection}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{CZ}}, {{AKI}}, {{USAMA}}, {{HK}}


{{SK}} Trichuriasis, Human whipworm infection, Trichocephalus, Trichuriose


==Overview==
==[[Whipworm infection overview|Overview]]==


The nematode (roundworm) Trichuris trichiura, also called the human whipworm.
==[[Whipworm infection historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==[[Whipworm infection classification|Classification]]==


''Demographics''
==[[Whipworm infection pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==


The third most common round worm of humans.  Worldwide, with infections more frequent in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices, and among children.  It is estimated that 800 million people are infected worldwide.  Trichuriasis occurs in the southern United States.
==[[Whipworm infection causes|Causes]]==


Infections with the soil-transmitted intestinal helminths (i.e., Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm), estimated to affect approximately 1 billion persons, are among the most common and widespread human infections.
==[[Whipworm infection differential diagnosis|Differentiating Whipworm Infection from other Diseases]]==


==Risk Factors==  
==[[Whipworm infection epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==


Most frequently asymptomatic. Heavy infections, especially in small children, can cause gastrointestinal problems (abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal prolapse) and possibly growth retardation.
==[[Whipworm infection risk factors|Risk Factors]]==


==Pathophysiology & Etiology==  
==[[Whipworm infection natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


[[Image:Trichuris LifeCycle.gif|thumb|300px|left|Life Cycle of Trichiuris trichiura]]
==Diagnosis==


The unembryonated eggs are passed with the stool '''1.'''. In the soil, the eggs develop into a 2-cell stage '''2.''', an advanced cleavage stage '''3.''', and then they embryonate '''4.'''; eggs become infective in 15 to 30 days. After ingestion (soil-contaminated hands or food), the eggs hatch in the small intestine, and release larvae '''5.''' that mature and establish themselves as adults in the colon '''6.'''. The adult worms (approximately 4 cm in length) live in the cecum and ascending colon. The adult worms are fixed in that location, with the anterior portions threaded into the mucosa. The females begin to oviposit 60 to 70 days after infection. Female worms in the cecum shed between 3,000 and 20,000 eggs per day. The life span of the adults is about 1 year.
[[Whipworm infection history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Whipworm infection physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Whipworm infection laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Whipworm infection electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Whipworm infection chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Whipworm infection CT|CT]] | [[Whipworm infection MRI|MRI]] | [[Whipworm infection echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Whipworm infection other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] |[[Whipworm infection other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
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==Diagnosis==
'''Microscopy'''


[[Image:Trichuris eggA.jpg|thumb|left|T.trichiura egg]]
==Treatment==
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A: Trichuris trichiura egg (wet preparation). The diagnostic characteristics are:


*a typical barrel shape
[[Whipworm infection medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Whipworm infection surgery|Surgery]] | [[Whipworm infection primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Whipworm infection secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Whipworm infection cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] | [[Whipworm infection future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]
*two polar plugs, that are unstained
*size: 50 to 54 µm by 22 to 23 µm


The external layer of the shell of the egg is yellow-brown (in contrast to the clear polar plugs). The egg is unembryonated, as eggs are when passed with the stool.
==Case Studies==
[[Whipworm infection case study one|Case #1]]


[[Image:Trichuris eggC.jpg|thumb|left|Trichuris egg]]
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C: Trichuris trichiura eggs.  Figures show side-by-side eggs with regular (white arrows) and larger (black arrows) size eggs.
[[Image:Trichuris eggD.jpg|thumb|left|Trichuris egg]]
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D: Atypical Trichuris sp. egg.
 
 
 
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Conditions diagnosed by stool test]]
[[Category:Emergency mdicine]]
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[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
[[Category:Pediatrics]]

Latest revision as of 00:45, 30 July 2020

This page is about clinical aspects of the disease.  For microbiologic aspects of the causative organism(s), see Trichuris trichiura.
Trichuriasis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Aravind Kuchkuntla, M.B.B.S[3], Usama Talib, BSc, MD [4], Syed Hassan A. Kazmi BSc, MD [5]

Synonyms and keywords: Trichuriasis, Human whipworm infection, Trichocephalus, Trichuriose

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Whipworm Infection from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings |Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

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