Vaginal cancer classification: Difference between revisions
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:*It usually presents as a large, [[warty]], fungating mass that is locally aggressive but rarely [[metastasizes]]. | :*It usually presents as a large, [[warty]], fungating mass that is locally aggressive but rarely [[metastasizes]]. | ||
* '''Vaginal adenocarcinoma: ''' | * '''Vaginal adenocarcinoma: ''' | ||
:* | :*[[Adenocarcinomas]] represent as primary [[vaginal cancers]] in women younger than 20 years old<ref name="pmid9731908">{{cite journal |vauthors=Creasman WT, Phillips JL, Menck HR |title=The National Cancer Data Base report on cancer of the vagina |journal=Cancer |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=1033–40 |date=September 1998 |pmid=9731908 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. | ||
:* | :*Adenocarcinomas arise in areas of vaginal adenosis, Wolffian rest elements, periurethral glands. | ||
:* The | :*[[Clear cell]] variants are the best known type of [[adenocarcinoma]]. | ||
:*[[Clear cell carcinoma]] presents in young women who have been exposed in [[utero]] to [[diethylstilbestrol]] ([[DES]])<ref name="pmid5549830">{{cite journal |vauthors=Herbst AL, Ulfelder H, Poskanzer DC |title=Adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=284 |issue=15 |pages=878–81 |date=April 1971 |pmid=5549830 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197104222841604 |url=}}</ref>. | |||
:*[[Clear cell carcinomas]] of the [[vagina]] present as polypoid masses,on the anterior wall of the vagina. | |||
:*[[DES]] exposure can result in both [[cervical]] and [[vaginal]] [[clear cell adenocarcinomas]]<ref name="pmid2004313">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hanselaar AG, Van Leusen ND, De Wilde PC, Vooijs GP |title=Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. A report of the Central Netherlands Registry with emphasis on early detection and prognosis |journal=Cancer |volume=67 |issue=7 |pages=1971–8 |date=April 1991 |pmid=2004313 |doi= |url=}}</ref>. | |||
:*The [[incidence]] of invasive or in situ [[squamous cell cancer]] of the [[cervix]] is increased in women exposed to [[DES]] in utero<ref name="pmid10866558">{{cite journal |vauthors=Verloop J, Rookus MA, van Leeuwen FE |title=Prevalence of gynecologic cancer in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=342 |issue=24 |pages=1838–9 |date=June 2000 |pmid=10866558 |doi=10.1056/NEJM200006153422415 |url=}}</ref>. | |||
*It is recommended that women exposed to [[DES]] in utero have their first [[gynecologic]] examination at [[menarche]] with a careful assessment of the [[cervix]] and [[vagina]]. | |||
* '''Vaginal germ cell tumors: ''' | * '''Vaginal germ cell tumors: ''' | ||
Revision as of 18:04, 14 January 2019
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Vaginal cancer classification On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Vaginal cancer may be classified according to histopathology into squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, vaginal germ cell tumor, and vaginal sarcoma.
Types of vaginal cancer
Types of vaginal cancer, in order of prevalence, include:
- Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma:
- Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for the majority of vaginal cancers.
- The mean age at diagnosis of squamous cell carcinomas is approximately 60 years.[1]
- These tumors may be nodular, ulcerative, indurated, endophytic, or exophytic.
- Vaginal cancer is also associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Vaginal epithelium is more stable than cervical epithelium, which undergoes constant metaplasia, and is less susceptible to oncogenic viruses[2].
- Verrucous carcinoma is a less common variant of vaginal squamous cell carcinoma that is well-differentiated and has low malignant potential[3].
- It usually presents as a large, warty, fungating mass that is locally aggressive but rarely metastasizes.
- Vaginal adenocarcinoma:
- Adenocarcinomas represent as primary vaginal cancers in women younger than 20 years old[1].
- Adenocarcinomas arise in areas of vaginal adenosis, Wolffian rest elements, periurethral glands.
- Clear cell variants are the best known type of adenocarcinoma.
- Clear cell carcinoma presents in young women who have been exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol (DES)[4].
- Clear cell carcinomas of the vagina present as polypoid masses,on the anterior wall of the vagina.
- DES exposure can result in both cervical and vaginal clear cell adenocarcinomas[5].
- The incidence of invasive or in situ squamous cell cancer of the cervix is increased in women exposed to DES in utero[6].
- It is recommended that women exposed to DES in utero have their first gynecologic examination at menarche with a careful assessment of the cervix and vagina.
- Vaginal germ cell tumors:
- These are rare (primarily teratoma and endodermal sinus tumor), and the majority of cases occur in infants and children.
- Vaginal sarcoma:
- Rhabdomyosarcoma in pediatric population, eg. sarcoma botryoides
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Creasman WT, Phillips JL, Menck HR (September 1998). "The National Cancer Data Base report on cancer of the vagina". Cancer. 83 (5): 1033–40. PMID 9731908.
- ↑ Ikenberg H, Runge M, Göppinger A, Pfleiderer A (September 1990). "Human papillomavirus DNA in invasive carcinoma of the vagina". Obstet Gynecol. 76 (3 Pt 1): 432–8. PMID 2166263.
- ↑ Isaacs JH (September 1976). "Verrucous carcinoma of the female genital tract". Gynecol. Oncol. 4 (3): 259–69. PMID 964693.
- ↑ Herbst AL, Ulfelder H, Poskanzer DC (April 1971). "Adenocarcinoma of the vagina. Association of maternal stilbestrol therapy with tumor appearance in young women". N. Engl. J. Med. 284 (15): 878–81. doi:10.1056/NEJM197104222841604. PMID 5549830.
- ↑ Hanselaar AG, Van Leusen ND, De Wilde PC, Vooijs GP (April 1991). "Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina and cervix. A report of the Central Netherlands Registry with emphasis on early detection and prognosis". Cancer. 67 (7): 1971–8. PMID 2004313.
- ↑ Verloop J, Rookus MA, van Leeuwen FE (June 2000). "Prevalence of gynecologic cancer in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero". N. Engl. J. Med. 342 (24): 1838–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM200006153422415. PMID 10866558.