Thymoma pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Amr Marawan, M.D. [2] Ahmad Al Maradni, M.D. [3]

Overview

On gross pathology, a well-circumscribed mass, that is locally invasive, is a characteristic finding of thymoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis, round cells with ample vacuolated cytoplasms and fat droplets are characteristic findings of thymoma.

Pathophysiology

Physiology

Pathogenesis

Genetics

Genetic Alterations Reported for the Different WHO Histological Thymoma sub-types[3]

WHO Type Chromosomal Gains Chromosomal Losses
Type A
  • None
  • -6p
Type AB
  • None
  • -5q21 - 22
  • -6q
  • -12p
  • -16q
Type B3
  • +1q
  • -6
  • -13q

Associated Conditions

Approximately 30% of the patients have their thymomas discovered because of a symptomatic associated autoimmune disorder. These disorders include:[4]

Type Diseases
Neuromuscular diseases
Hematologic autoimmune diseases
Dermatologic disorders
Endocrine disorders
Renal and hepatic diseases
Systemic autoimmune diseases

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, a well circumscribed mass, that is locally invasive, is a characteristic finding of thymoma.

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, round cells, with ample vacuolated cytoplasms, and fat droplets are characteristic findings of thymoma.

Video

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References

  1. C. Buckley, D. Douek, J. Newsom-Davis, A. Vincent & N. Willcox (2001). "Mature, long-lived CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are generated by the thymoma in myasthenia gravis". Annals of neurology. 50 (1): 64–72. PMID 11456312. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. J. V. Souadjian, P. Enriquez, M. N. Silverstein & J. M. Pepin (1974). "The spectrum of diseases associated with thymoma. Coincidence or syndrome?". Archives of internal medicine. 134 (2): 374–379. PMID 4602050. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. "http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/pat-gen/bb10/BB10.pdf" (PDF). Retrieved 26 February 2014. External link in |title= (help)
  4. "http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/pat-gen/bb10/BB10.pdf" (PDF). External link in |title= (help)

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