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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Teratoma}} | | {{Teratoma}} |
| {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{MD}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {{Mbt}} |
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| ==Classification== | | ==Classification== |
| :* 1. '''World Health Organization classification of CNS teratoma'''<ref name="pmid9046301">{{cite journal| author=Matsutani M, Sano K, Takakura K, Fujimaki T, Nakamura O, Funata N et al.| title=Primary intracranial germ cell tumors: a clinical analysis of 153 histologically verified cases. | journal=J Neurosurg | year= 1997 | volume= 86 | issue= 3 | pages= 446-55 | pmid=9046301 | doi=10.3171/jns.1997.86.3.0446 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9046301 }} </ref>
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| :::* Teratoma.
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| ::::* Immature.
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| ::::* Mature.
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| ::::* Teratoma with malignant transformation.
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| :* 2. '''Childhood Extracranial teratoma classification''' | | :Teratomas are classifiable based on different general characteristics and site of origin. |
| ::* 2.1 GCTs arise from primordial germ cells, which migrate during embryogenesis from the yolk sac through the mesentery to the gonads.<ref name="pmid6343221">{{cite journal| author=Dehner LP| title=Gonadal and extragonadal germ cell neoplasia of childhood. | journal=Hum Pathol | year= 1983 | volume= 14 | issue= 6 | pages= 493-511 | pmid=6343221 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6343221 }} </ref><ref name="pmid18381640">{{cite journal| author=McIntyre A, Gilbert D, Goddard N, Looijenga L, Shipley J| title=Genes, chromosomes and the development of testicular germ cell tumors of adolescents and adults. | journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer | year= 2008 | volume= 47 | issue= 7 | pages= 547-57 | pmid=18381640 | doi=10.1002/gcc.20562 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18381640 }} </ref> Childhood extracranial GCTs can be divided into the following two types:
| | :Historically teratomas was classified as : |
| ::::* Gonadal.
| | :* mature |
| ::::* Extragonadal.
| | :* immature |
| ::* 2.2 Most childhood extragonadal teratoma arise in midline sites (i.e., sacrococcygeal, mediastinal, and retroperitoneal); the midline location may represent aberrant embryonic migration of the primordial germ cells.Childhood extracranial teratoma are broadly classified as the following:
| | In adults teratomas likely demonstrate malignant inclination and behavior. In Children, different tumors from various origins are reported, while predominantly we may see sacrococcygeal tumors. We can also classify teratomas to benign and malignant tumors. The malignant types are named teratocarcinomas. Based on site of origin, teratomas are generally arise from ovary, testicle, or tailbone and less commonly from other areas.<ref name="urlTeratomas: A Multimodality Review - ScienceDirect">{{cite web |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0363018812000151?via%3Dihub |title=Teratomas: A Multimodality Review - ScienceDirect |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> |
| ::::* Mature teratomas.
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| ::::* Immature teratomas.
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| ::* 2.3 Pediatric teratoma Biology
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| :::* The following biologically distinct subtypes of teratoma are found in children and adolescents:
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| ::::* Testicular.
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| ::::* Ovarian.
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| ::::* Extragonadal extracranial.
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| :*3. '''Cellular Classification of Ovarian Teratoma'''
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| ::* The following histologic subtypes have been described.<ref name="pmid8381708">{{cite journal| author=Gershenson DM| title=Update on malignant ovarian germ cell tumors. | journal=Cancer | year= 1993 | volume= 71 | issue= 4 Suppl | pages= 1581-90 | pmid=8381708 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8381708 }} </ref><ref>Serov SF, Scully RE, Robin IH: International Histologic Classification of Tumours: No. 9. Histological Typing of Ovarian Tumours. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1973.</ref>
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| :::* Teratoma.
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| ::::* Immature.
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| ::::* Mature.
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| ::::::* Solid.
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| ::::::* Cystic.
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| :::::::* [[Dermoid cyst]] (mature cystic teratoma).
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| :::::::* [[Dermoid cyst]] with malignant transformation.
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| :::* Monodermal and highly specialized.
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| :::::* Struma ovarii.
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| :::::* Carcinoid.
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| :::::* Struma ovarii and carcinoid.
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| :::::* Others (e.g., malignant neuroectodermal and ependymoma).
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| :* 4. '''Cellular Classification of Testicular Cancer''' <ref>Woodward PJ, Heidenreich A, Looijenga LHJ, et al.: Germ cell tumours. In: Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI, et al.: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs. Lyon, France: IARC Press, 2004, pp 221-49.</ref><ref>Ulbright TM, Berney DM: Testicular and paratesticular tumors. In: Mills SE, Carter D, Greenson JK, et al., eds.: Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2010, pp 1944-2004.</ref><ref>Bosi GJ, Feldman DR, Bajorin DE, et al.: Cancer of the testis. In: DeVita VT Jr, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA: Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011, pp 1280-1301</ref>
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| ::* 4.1 Malignant pure germ cell tumor (showing a single-cell type):
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| ::::* Teratoma.
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| ::* 4.2 Malignant mixed germ cell tumor (showing more than one histologic pattern):
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| ::::* Embryonal carcinoma and teratoma with or without seminoma.
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| ::::* Yolk sac tumor and teratoma with or without seminoma.
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| ==References== | | ==References== |