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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Splenic marginal zone lymphoma}}
{{Splenic marginal zone lymphoma}}
{{CMG}}, {{AE}} {{AS}}
{{CMG}}, {{AE}}{{Affan}}, {{AS}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
Low [[Hemoglobin]] levels, high [[lactate dehydrogenase]] levels, low blood serum [[albumin]] levels,  and  genetic mutations such as mutations in ''NOTCH2'' are associated with poor prognosis among patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma.
[[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]] ([[SMZL]]) is a rare, slow growing B-cell lymphoma that is mostly [[asymptomatic]] at the time of diagnosis. It is commonly diagnosed at an old age. Patients typically have [[splenomegaly]], [[lymphocytosis]] or [[cytopenias]]. [[Bone marrow]] is frequently involved but [[lymphadenopathy]] and [[live]]r involvement is rare.There are [[automimmune]] conditions that may develop in this conditions such [[autoimmune hemolytic anemia]], [[idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]], [[angioedema]] and [[von-willebrand disease]]. It may transform into [[diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]]. The prognosis is generally good. Several factors including [[lymphadenopathy]], [[non-hematopoietic]] site involvement, histologic transformation affects the prognosis. Low [[Hemoglobin]] levels, high [[lactate dehydrogenase]] levels, low blood serum [[albumin]] levels,  and  [[genetic]] [[mutations]] such as mutations in [[NOTCH2]], [[TP53]], [[KLF2]] are associated with poor prognosis among patients with [[splenic marginal zone lymphoma]].
==Natural history==
==Natural history==
* [[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]] ([[SMZL]]) is an uncommon [[B-cell lymphoma]] having an indolent course.<ref name="pmid26989207">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arcaini L, Rossi D, Paulli M |title=Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: from genetics to management |journal=Blood |volume=127 |issue=17 |pages=2072–81 |date=April 2016 |pmid=26989207 |doi=10.1182/blood-2015-11-624312 |url=}}</ref>
* The median age of diagnosis is 65-70 years.<ref name="pmid23101590">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liu L, Wang H, Chen Y, Rustveld L, Liu G, Du XL |title=Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a population-based study on the 2001-2008 incidence and survival in the United States |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=54 |issue=7 |pages=1380–6 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23101590 |doi=10.3109/10428194.2012.743655 |url=}}</ref>
* Majority of the patients are [[asymptomatic]] at the time of diagnosis but when [[symptomatic]] it may present with symptoms related to [[splenomegaly]] such as early [[satiety]], [[abdominal discomfort]], and [[cytopenias]] such as [[bleeding]].<ref name="pmid12446449">{{cite journal |vauthors=Franco V, Florena AM, Iannitto E |title=Splenic marginal zone lymphoma |journal=Blood |volume=101 |issue=7 |pages=2464–72 |date=April 2003 |pmid=12446449 |doi=10.1182/blood-2002-07-2216 |url=}}</ref>
* systemic [[B symptoms]] such as [[fatigue]], [[night sweats]] and [[weight loss]] are uncommon.
* Patients typically have [[splenomegaly]], [[cytopenias]] or [[lymphocytosis]] but [[lymphadenopathy]] is rare.<ref name="pmid3497180">{{cite journal |vauthors=Melo JV, Hegde U, Parreira A, Thompson I, Lampert IA, Catovsky D |title=Splenic B cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: differential diagnosis of B cell leukaemias with large spleens |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=642–51 |date=June 1987 |pmid=3497180 |pmc=1141055 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Prognosis]] is favorable with median overall survival around 8-12 years.<ref name="pmid22893605">{{cite journal |vauthors=Olszewski AJ, Castillo JJ |title=Survival of patients with marginal zone lymphoma: analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database |journal=Cancer |volume=119 |issue=3 |pages=629–38 |date=February 2013 |pmid=22893605 |doi=10.1002/cncr.27773 |url=}}</ref>
* Rarely, it becomes aggressive and having [[median]] overall survival of less than 2 years.<ref name="pmid12176884">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chacón JI, Mollejo M, Muñoz E, Algara P, Mateo M, Lopez L, Andrade J, Carbonero IG, Martínez B, Piris MA, Cruz MA |title=Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in a series of 60 patients |journal=Blood |volume=100 |issue=5 |pages=1648–54 |date=September 2002 |pmid=12176884 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


==Complications==
==Complications==
* [[Large B-cell lymphoma]]<ref name="pmid11688461">{{cite journal |vauthors=Camacho FI, Mollejo M, Mateo MS, Algara P, Navas C, Hernández JM, Santoja C, Solé F, Sánchez-Beato M, Piris MA |title=Progression to large B-cell lymphoma in splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a description of a series of 12 cases |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=25 |issue=10 |pages=1268–76 |date=October 2001 |pmid=11688461 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26400898">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conconi A, Franceschetti S, Aprile von Hohenstaufen K, Margiotta-Casaluci G, Stathis A, Moccia AA, Bertoni F, Ramponi A, Mazzucchelli L, Cavalli F, Gaidano G, Zucca E |title=Histologic transformation in marginal zone lymphomas† |journal=Ann. Oncol. |volume=26 |issue=11 |pages=2329–35 |date=November 2015 |pmid=26400898 |doi=10.1093/annonc/mdv368 |url=}}</ref>
* [[Autoimmune]] complications such as:<ref name="pmid26728240">{{cite journal |vauthors=Castelli R, Wu MA, Arquati M, Zanichelli A, Suffritti C, Rossi D, Cicardi M |title=High prevalence of splenic marginal zone lymphoma among patients with acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=172 |issue=6 |pages=902–8 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26728240 |doi=10.1111/bjh.13908 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25201005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gebhart J, Lechner K, Skrabs C, Sliwa T, Müldür E, Ludwig H, Nösslinger T, Vanura K, Stamatopoulos K, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Chott A, Quehenberger P, Mitterbauer-Hohendanner G, Pabinger I, Jäger U, Geissler K |title=Lupus anticoagulant and thrombosis in splenic marginal zone lymphoma |journal=Thromb. Res. |volume=134 |issue=5 |pages=980–4 |date=November 2014 |pmid=25201005 |doi=10.1016/j.thromres.2014.08.021 |url=}}</ref>
** [[Autoimmune hemolytic anemia]]
** [[Immune thrombocytopenic purpura]] ([[ITP]])
** [[Lupus anticoagulant]]
** C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency
** Acquired von Willebrand disease


==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
* Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is an indolent tumor  with median overall survival of around 10 years.<ref name="pmid9009248">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salomon-Nguyen F, Valensi F, Troussard X, Flandrin G |title=The value of the monoclonal antibody, DBA44, in the diagnosis of B-lymphoid disorders |journal=Leuk. Res. |volume=20 |issue=11-12 |pages=909–13 |date=1996 |pmid=9009248 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* [[Splenic marginal zone lymphoma]] ([[SMZL]]) is an indolent tumor  with median overall survival of 8-12 years.<ref name="pmid9009248">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salomon-Nguyen F, Valensi F, Troussard X, Flandrin G |title=The value of the monoclonal antibody, DBA44, in the diagnosis of B-lymphoid disorders |journal=Leuk. Res. |volume=20 |issue=11-12 |pages=909–13 |date=1996 |pmid=9009248 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27030961">{{cite journal |vauthors=Perrone S, D'Elia GM, Annechini G, Ferretti A, Tosti ME, Foà R, Pulsoni A |title=Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: Prognostic factors, role of watch and wait policy, and other therapeutic approaches in the rituximab era |journal=Leuk. Res. |volume=44 |issue= |pages=53–60 |date=May 2016 |pmid=270309618 |doi= |url=}}</ref>  
* Several factors affects the prognosis in [[splenic marginal zone lymphoma]] ([[SMZL]]). It includes
* Several factors affects the prognosis in [[splenic marginal zone lymphoma]] ([[SMZL]]) including
** [[Lymphadenopathy]]
** [[Lymphadenopathy]]
** Increase in b2 microglobulin
** Increase in b2 microglobulin
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** [[Diffuse]] pattern of [[bone marrow]] involvement<ref name="pmid12614206">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parry-Jones N, Matutes E, Gruszka-Westwood AM, Swansbury GJ, Wotherspoon AC, Catovsky D |title=Prognostic features of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: a report on 129 patients |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=759–64 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12614206 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** [[Diffuse]] pattern of [[bone marrow]] involvement<ref name="pmid12614206">{{cite journal |vauthors=Parry-Jones N, Matutes E, Gruszka-Westwood AM, Swansbury GJ, Wotherspoon AC, Catovsky D |title=Prognostic features of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: a report on 129 patients |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=120 |issue=5 |pages=759–64 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12614206 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** Incomplete response<ref name="pmid12176884">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chacón JI, Mollejo M, Muñoz E, Algara P, Mateo M, Lopez L, Andrade J, Carbonero IG, Martínez B, Piris MA, Cruz MA |title=Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in a series of 60 patients |journal=Blood |volume=100 |issue=5 |pages=1648–54 |date=September 2002 |pmid=12176884 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
** Incomplete response<ref name="pmid12176884">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chacón JI, Mollejo M, Muñoz E, Algara P, Mateo M, Lopez L, Andrade J, Carbonero IG, Martínez B, Piris MA, Cruz MA |title=Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in a series of 60 patients |journal=Blood |volume=100 |issue=5 |pages=1648–54 |date=September 2002 |pmid=12176884 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* A risk stratification system named as HPLL was devised to determine 5 year [[lymphoma]] specific survival (LSS) using variables such as [[hemoglobin]], [[platelet count]], [[lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[LDH]]), [[lymphadenopathy]] indicating their importance in predicting the [[prognosis]].<ref name="pmid22924582">{{cite journal |vauthors=Montalbán C, Abraira V, Arcaini L, Domingo-Domenech E, Guisado-Vasco P, Iannitto E, Iannito E, Mollejo M, Matutes E, Ferreri A, Salar A, Rattotti S, Carpaneto A, Pérez Fernández R, Bello JL, Hernández M, Caballero D, Carbonell F, Piris MA |title=Risk stratification for Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma based on haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, high lactate dehydrogenase level and extrahilar lymphadenopathy: development and validation on 593 cases |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=159 |issue=2 |pages=164–71 |date=October 2012 |pmid=22924582 |doi=10.1111/bjh.12011 |url=}}</ref>
* A '''SMZL Study Group prognostic index''' '''(SMZLSG)''' using HPLL stratifiction system was devised to determine 5 year [[lymphoma]] specific survival (LSS) using variables such as [[hemoglobin]], [[platelet count]], [[lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[LDH]]), [[lymphadenopathy]] indicating their importance in predicting the [[prognosis]].<ref name="pmid22924582">{{cite journal |vauthors=Montalbán C, Abraira V, Arcaini L, Domingo-Domenech E, Guisado-Vasco P, Iannitto E, Iannito E, Mollejo M, Matutes E, Ferreri A, Salar A, Rattotti S, Carpaneto A, Pérez Fernández R, Bello JL, Hernández M, Caballero D, Carbonell F, Piris MA |title=Risk stratification for Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma based on haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, high lactate dehydrogenase level and extrahilar lymphadenopathy: development and validation on 593 cases |journal=Br. J. Haematol. |volume=159 |issue=2 |pages=164–71 |date=October 2012 |pmid=22924582 |doi=10.1111/bjh.12011 |url=}}</ref>
* The system was further modified as HPLL/ABC (A= low risk, B= intermediate risk, C= high risk) to make it clinically useful.<ref name="pmid23799931">{{cite journal |vauthors=Montalban C, Abraira V, Arcaini L, Domingo-Domenech E, Guisado-Vasco P, Iannitto E, Mollejo M, Matutes E, Ferreri AJ, Salar A, Rattotti S, Carpaneto A, Perez R, Bello JL, Hernandez M, Caballero D, Carbonell F, Piris MA |title=Simplification of risk stratification for splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a point-based score for practical use |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=929–31 |date=April 2014 |pmid=23799931 |doi=10.3109/10428194.2013.818143 |url=}}</ref>
* The system was further modified as HPLL/ABC (A= low risk, B= intermediate risk, C= high risk) to make it clinically useful.<ref name="pmid23799931">{{cite journal |vauthors=Montalban C, Abraira V, Arcaini L, Domingo-Domenech E, Guisado-Vasco P, Iannitto E, Mollejo M, Matutes E, Ferreri AJ, Salar A, Rattotti S, Carpaneto A, Perez R, Bello JL, Hernandez M, Caballero D, Carbonell F, Piris MA |title=Simplification of risk stratification for splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a point-based score for practical use |journal=Leuk. Lymphoma |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=929–31 |date=April 2014 |pmid=23799931 |doi=10.3109/10428194.2013.818143 |url=}}</ref>
* Another prognostic index named as the '''Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi''' ('''[[IIL]]''') determined the 5 year cause specific survival using three variables, with their presence predicitng worse outcome.
** [[Hemoglobin]] <12g/dl
** Serum [[lactate dehydrogenase]] ([[LDH]]) level greater than normal
** [[Serum albumin]] < 3.5g/dl
* Genetic mutations such as [[TP53]], [[NOTCH2]], [[KLF2]] are associated with poor outcomes.<ref name="pmid22891276">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kiel MJ, Velusamy T, Betz BL, Zhao L, Weigelin HG, Chiang MY, Huebner-Chan DR, Bailey NG, Yang DT, Bhagat G, Miranda RN, Bahler DW, Medeiros LJ, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KS |title=Whole-genome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic NOTCH2 mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=209 |issue=9 |pages=1553–65 |date=August 2012 |pmid=22891276 |pmc=3428949 |doi=10.1084/jem.20120910 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20479288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salido M, Baró C, Oscier D, Stamatopoulos K, Dierlamm J, Matutes E, Traverse-Glehen A, Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, Gesk S, Athanasiadou A, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Milla F, Ferrer A, Mollejo M, Calasanz MJ, Florensa L, Espinet B, Luño E, Wlodarska I, Verhoef G, García-Granero M, Salar A, Papadaki T, Serrano S, Piris MA, Solé F |title=Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group |journal=Blood |volume=116 |issue=9 |pages=1479–88 |date=September 2010 |pmid=20479288 |doi=10.1182/blood-2010-02-267476 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25612624">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arribas AJ, Rinaldi A, Mensah AA, Kwee I, Cascione L, Robles EF, Martinez-Climent JA, Oscier D, Arcaini L, Baldini L, Marasca R, Thieblemont C, Briere J, Forconi F, Zamò A, Bonifacio M, Mollejo M, Facchetti F, Dirnhofer S, Ponzoni M, Bhagat G, Piris MA, Gaidano G, Zucca E, Rossi D, Bertoni F |title=DNA methylation profiling identifies two splenic marginal zone lymphoma subgroups with different clinical and genetic features |journal=Blood |volume=125 |issue=12 |pages=1922–31 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25612624 |pmc=4416938 |doi=10.1182/blood-2014-08-596247 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11369650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gruszka-Westwood AM, Hamoudi RA, Matutes E, Tuset E, Catovsky D |title=p53 abnormalities in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes |journal=Blood |volume=97 |issue=11 |pages=3552–8 |date=June 2001 |pmid=11369650 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Genetic mutations such as [[TP53]], [[NOTCH2]], [[KLF2]] are associated with poor outcomes.<ref name="pmid22891276">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kiel MJ, Velusamy T, Betz BL, Zhao L, Weigelin HG, Chiang MY, Huebner-Chan DR, Bailey NG, Yang DT, Bhagat G, Miranda RN, Bahler DW, Medeiros LJ, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KS |title=Whole-genome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic NOTCH2 mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=209 |issue=9 |pages=1553–65 |date=August 2012 |pmid=22891276 |pmc=3428949 |doi=10.1084/jem.20120910 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20479288">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salido M, Baró C, Oscier D, Stamatopoulos K, Dierlamm J, Matutes E, Traverse-Glehen A, Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, Gesk S, Athanasiadou A, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Milla F, Ferrer A, Mollejo M, Calasanz MJ, Florensa L, Espinet B, Luño E, Wlodarska I, Verhoef G, García-Granero M, Salar A, Papadaki T, Serrano S, Piris MA, Solé F |title=Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group |journal=Blood |volume=116 |issue=9 |pages=1479–88 |date=September 2010 |pmid=20479288 |doi=10.1182/blood-2010-02-267476 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25612624">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arribas AJ, Rinaldi A, Mensah AA, Kwee I, Cascione L, Robles EF, Martinez-Climent JA, Oscier D, Arcaini L, Baldini L, Marasca R, Thieblemont C, Briere J, Forconi F, Zamò A, Bonifacio M, Mollejo M, Facchetti F, Dirnhofer S, Ponzoni M, Bhagat G, Piris MA, Gaidano G, Zucca E, Rossi D, Bertoni F |title=DNA methylation profiling identifies two splenic marginal zone lymphoma subgroups with different clinical and genetic features |journal=Blood |volume=125 |issue=12 |pages=1922–31 |date=March 2015 |pmid=25612624 |pmc=4416938 |doi=10.1182/blood-2014-08-596247 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11369650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gruszka-Westwood AM, Hamoudi RA, Matutes E, Tuset E, Catovsky D |title=p53 abnormalities in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes |journal=Blood |volume=97 |issue=11 |pages=3552–8 |date=June 2001 |pmid=11369650 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
* Presence of [[autoimmune hemolytic anemia]] ([[AIHA]]) in [[splenic marginal zone lymphoma]] ([[SMZL]]) patients has also been reported to be associated with poor prognosis.<ref name="pmid19343544">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fodor A, Molnar MZ, Krenacs L, Bagdi E, Csomor J, Matolcsy A, Demeter J |title=Autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a risk factor of poor outcome in patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma |journal=Pathol. Oncol. Res. |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=597–603 |date=December 2009 |pmid=19343544 |doi=10.1007/s12253-009-9159-8 |url=}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}
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Latest revision as of 21:37, 30 January 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1], Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Muhammad Affan M.D.[2], Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [3]

Overview

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare, slow growing B-cell lymphoma that is mostly asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. It is commonly diagnosed at an old age. Patients typically have splenomegaly, lymphocytosis or cytopenias. Bone marrow is frequently involved but lymphadenopathy and liver involvement is rare.There are automimmune conditions that may develop in this conditions such autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, angioedema and von-willebrand disease. It may transform into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The prognosis is generally good. Several factors including lymphadenopathy, non-hematopoietic site involvement, histologic transformation affects the prognosis. Low Hemoglobin levels, high lactate dehydrogenase levels, low blood serum albumin levels, and genetic mutations such as mutations in NOTCH2, TP53, KLF2 are associated with poor prognosis among patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma.

Natural history

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Prognosis

References

  1. ↑ Arcaini L, Rossi D, Paulli M (April 2016). "Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: from genetics to management". Blood. 127 (17): 2072–81. doi:10.1182/blood-2015-11-624312. PMID 26989207.
  2. ↑ Liu L, Wang H, Chen Y, Rustveld L, Liu G, Du XL (July 2013). "Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a population-based study on the 2001-2008 incidence and survival in the United States". Leuk. Lymphoma. 54 (7): 1380–6. doi:10.3109/10428194.2012.743655. PMID 23101590.
  3. ↑ Franco V, Florena AM, Iannitto E (April 2003). "Splenic marginal zone lymphoma". Blood. 101 (7): 2464–72. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-07-2216. PMID 12446449.
  4. ↑ Melo JV, Hegde U, Parreira A, Thompson I, Lampert IA, Catovsky D (June 1987). "Splenic B cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: differential diagnosis of B cell leukaemias with large spleens". J. Clin. Pathol. 40 (6): 642–51. PMC 1141055. PMID 3497180.
  5. ↑ Olszewski AJ, Castillo JJ (February 2013). "Survival of patients with marginal zone lymphoma: analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database". Cancer. 119 (3): 629–38. doi:10.1002/cncr.27773. PMID 22893605.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Chacón JI, Mollejo M, Muñoz E, Algara P, Mateo M, Lopez L, Andrade J, Carbonero IG, Martínez B, Piris MA, Cruz MA (September 2002). "Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in a series of 60 patients". Blood. 100 (5): 1648–54. PMID 12176884.
  7. ↑ Camacho FI, Mollejo M, Mateo MS, Algara P, Navas C, Hernández JM, Santoja C, Solé F, Sánchez-Beato M, Piris MA (October 2001). "Progression to large B-cell lymphoma in splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a description of a series of 12 cases". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 25 (10): 1268–76. PMID 11688461.
  8. ↑ Conconi A, Franceschetti S, Aprile von Hohenstaufen K, Margiotta-Casaluci G, Stathis A, Moccia AA, Bertoni F, Ramponi A, Mazzucchelli L, Cavalli F, Gaidano G, Zucca E (November 2015). "Histologic transformation in marginal zone lymphomas†". Ann. Oncol. 26 (11): 2329–35. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdv368. PMID 26400898.
  9. ↑ Castelli R, Wu MA, Arquati M, Zanichelli A, Suffritti C, Rossi D, Cicardi M (March 2016). "High prevalence of splenic marginal zone lymphoma among patients with acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency". Br. J. Haematol. 172 (6): 902–8. doi:10.1111/bjh.13908. PMID 26728240.
  10. ↑ Gebhart J, Lechner K, Skrabs C, Sliwa T, Müldür E, Ludwig H, Nösslinger T, Vanura K, Stamatopoulos K, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Chott A, Quehenberger P, Mitterbauer-Hohendanner G, Pabinger I, Jäger U, Geissler K (November 2014). "Lupus anticoagulant and thrombosis in splenic marginal zone lymphoma". Thromb. Res. 134 (5): 980–4. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2014.08.021. PMID 25201005.
  11. ↑ Salomon-Nguyen F, Valensi F, Troussard X, Flandrin G (1996). "The value of the monoclonal antibody, DBA44, in the diagnosis of B-lymphoid disorders". Leuk. Res. 20 (11–12): 909–13. PMID 9009248.
  12. ↑ Perrone S, D'Elia GM, Annechini G, Ferretti A, Tosti ME, Foà R, Pulsoni A (May 2016). "Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: Prognostic factors, role of watch and wait policy, and other therapeutic approaches in the rituximab era". Leuk. Res. 44: 53–60. PMID 270309618 Check |pmid= value (help).
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Parry-Jones N, Matutes E, Gruszka-Westwood AM, Swansbury GJ, Wotherspoon AC, Catovsky D (March 2003). "Prognostic features of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: a report on 129 patients". Br. J. Haematol. 120 (5): 759–64. PMID 12614206.
  14. ↑ Troussard X, Valensi F, Duchayne E, Garand R, Felman P, Tulliez M, Henry-Amar M, Bryon PA, Flandrin G (June 1996). "Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: clinical presentation, biology and prognostic factors in a series of 100 patients. Groupe Francais d'Hématologie Cellulaire (GFHC)". Br. J. Haematol. 93 (3): 731–6. PMID 8652403.
  15. ↑ Thieblemont C, Felman P, Berger F, Dumontet C, Arnaud P, Hequet O, Arcache J, Callet-Bauchu E, Salles G, Coiffier B (June 2002). "Treatment of splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: an analysis of 81 patients". Clin Lymphoma. 3 (1): 41–7. PMID 12141954.
  16. ↑ Lenglet J, Traullé C, Mounier N, Benet C, Munoz-Bongrand N, Amorin S, Noguera ME, Traverse-Glehen A, Ffrench M, Baseggio L, Felman P, Callet-Bauchu E, Brice P, Berger F, Salles G, Brière J, Coiffier B, Thieblemont C (August 2014). "Long-term follow-up analysis of 100 patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma treated with splenectomy as first-line treatment". Leuk. Lymphoma. 55 (8): 1854–60. doi:10.3109/10428194.2013.861067. PMID 24206091.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Salido M, Baró C, Oscier D, Stamatopoulos K, Dierlamm J, Matutes E, Traverse-Glehen A, Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, Gesk S, Athanasiadou A, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Milla F, Ferrer A, Mollejo M, Calasanz MJ, Florensa L, Espinet B, Luño E, Wlodarska I, Verhoef G, García-Granero M, Salar A, Papadaki T, Serrano S, Piris MA, Solé F (September 2010). "Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group". Blood. 116 (9): 1479–88. doi:10.1182/blood-2010-02-267476. PMID 20479288.
  18. ↑ Xing KH, Kahlon A, Skinnider BF, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Sehn LH, Savage KJ, Slack GW, Shenkier TN, Klasa R, Gerrie AS, Villa D (May 2015). "Outcomes in splenic marginal zone lymphoma: analysis of 107 patients treated in British Columbia". Br. J. Haematol. 169 (4): 520–7. doi:10.1111/bjh.13320. PMID 25854936.
  19. ↑ Montalbán C, Abraira V, Arcaini L, Domingo-Domenech E, Guisado-Vasco P, Iannitto E, Iannito E, Mollejo M, Matutes E, Ferreri A, Salar A, Rattotti S, Carpaneto A, Pérez Fernández R, Bello JL, Hernández M, Caballero D, Carbonell F, Piris MA (October 2012). "Risk stratification for Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma based on haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, high lactate dehydrogenase level and extrahilar lymphadenopathy: development and validation on 593 cases". Br. J. Haematol. 159 (2): 164–71. doi:10.1111/bjh.12011. PMID 22924582.
  20. ↑ Montalban C, Abraira V, Arcaini L, Domingo-Domenech E, Guisado-Vasco P, Iannitto E, Mollejo M, Matutes E, Ferreri AJ, Salar A, Rattotti S, Carpaneto A, Perez R, Bello JL, Hernandez M, Caballero D, Carbonell F, Piris MA (April 2014). "Simplification of risk stratification for splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a point-based score for practical use". Leuk. Lymphoma. 55 (4): 929–31. doi:10.3109/10428194.2013.818143. PMID 23799931.
  21. ↑ Kiel MJ, Velusamy T, Betz BL, Zhao L, Weigelin HG, Chiang MY, Huebner-Chan DR, Bailey NG, Yang DT, Bhagat G, Miranda RN, Bahler DW, Medeiros LJ, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KS (August 2012). "Whole-genome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic NOTCH2 mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma". J. Exp. Med. 209 (9): 1553–65. doi:10.1084/jem.20120910. PMC 3428949. PMID 22891276.
  22. ↑ Arribas AJ, Rinaldi A, Mensah AA, Kwee I, Cascione L, Robles EF, Martinez-Climent JA, Oscier D, Arcaini L, Baldini L, Marasca R, Thieblemont C, Briere J, Forconi F, Zamò A, Bonifacio M, Mollejo M, Facchetti F, Dirnhofer S, Ponzoni M, Bhagat G, Piris MA, Gaidano G, Zucca E, Rossi D, Bertoni F (March 2015). "DNA methylation profiling identifies two splenic marginal zone lymphoma subgroups with different clinical and genetic features". Blood. 125 (12): 1922–31. doi:10.1182/blood-2014-08-596247. PMC 4416938. PMID 25612624.
  23. ↑ Gruszka-Westwood AM, Hamoudi RA, Matutes E, Tuset E, Catovsky D (June 2001). "p53 abnormalities in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes". Blood. 97 (11): 3552–8. PMID 11369650.
  24. ↑ Fodor A, Molnar MZ, Krenacs L, Bagdi E, Csomor J, Matolcsy A, Demeter J (December 2009). "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a risk factor of poor outcome in patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma". Pathol. Oncol. Res. 15 (4): 597–603. doi:10.1007/s12253-009-9159-8. PMID 19343544.

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