Sarcoma: Difference between revisions

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==Causes==
==Causes==
==Differential Diagnosis==
Soft tissue sarcoma needs to differentiate from soft tissue benige tumors such as:
*[[Adenoma]]
*[[Lipoma]]
*[[Fibroma]]


===Drug Side Effect===
===Drug Side Effect===

Revision as of 19:57, 12 April 2016

WikiDoc Resources for Sarcoma

Articles

Most recent articles on Sarcoma

Most cited articles on Sarcoma

Review articles on Sarcoma

Articles on Sarcoma in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Sarcoma

Images of Sarcoma

Photos of Sarcoma

Podcasts & MP3s on Sarcoma

Videos on Sarcoma

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Sarcoma

Bandolier on Sarcoma

TRIP on Sarcoma

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Sarcoma at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Sarcoma

Clinical Trials on Sarcoma at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Sarcoma

NICE Guidance on Sarcoma

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Sarcoma

CDC on Sarcoma

Books

Books on Sarcoma

News

Sarcoma in the news

Be alerted to news on Sarcoma

News trends on Sarcoma

Commentary

Blogs on Sarcoma

Definitions

Definitions of Sarcoma

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Sarcoma

Discussion groups on Sarcoma

Patient Handouts on Sarcoma

Directions to Hospitals Treating Sarcoma

Risk calculators and risk factors for Sarcoma

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Sarcoma

Causes & Risk Factors for Sarcoma

Diagnostic studies for Sarcoma

Treatment of Sarcoma

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Sarcoma

International

Sarcoma en Espanol

Sarcoma en Francais

Business

Sarcoma in the Marketplace

Patents on Sarcoma

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Sarcoma

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

A sarcoma (from the Greek 'sarx' meaning "flesh") is a cancer of the connective or supportive tissue (bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels) and soft tissue. This is in contrast to carcinomas, which are of epithelial origin (breast, colon, pancreas, and others).

Classification

Sarcomas are given a number of different names, based on the type of tissue from which they arise. For example, osteosarcoma arises from bone, chondrosarcoma arises from cartilage, and leiomyosarcoma arises from smooth muscle. Sarcomas strike people in all age ranges, but they are very rare, accounting for only 1% of all cases of cancer.[1] Soft tissue sarcomas, such as leiomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), are more common in adults than in children. GIST is the most common form of sarcoma, with approximately 3000-3500 cases per year in the United States.[2] This should be compared with breast cancer, with approximately 200,000 cases per year in North America.[3] Bone sarcomas, such as osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma, are more common in children than in adults. These tumors most commonly strike adolescents and young adults between the ages of 12 and 25. In addition to being named based on the tissue of origin, sarcomas are also assigned a grade, such as low grade or high grade. Low grade sarcomas are usually treated surgically, although sometimes radiation therapy or chemotherapy are used. High grade sarcomas are more frequently treated with chemotherapy. Since these tumors are more likely to undergo metastasis (spreading to distant sites), these tumors are treated more aggressively. Childhood sarcomas are almost always treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, and radiation is frequently used as well. The recognition that childhood sarcomas are sensitive to chemotherapy has dramatically improved the survival of patients. For example, in the era before chemotherapy, long term survival for patients with localized osteosarcoma was only approximately 20%, but now has risen to 60-70%.[4]

Tables

Table 1: Major Types of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas in Adults
Tissue of Origin Type of Cancer Usual Location in the Body
Fibrous tissue Fibrosarcoma Arms, legs, trunk
Malignant fibrous
hystiocytoma
Legs
Dermatofibrosarcoma Trunk
Fat Liposarcoma Arms, legs, trunk
Muscle
Striated muscle
Smooth muscle

Rhabdomyosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma

Arms, legs
Uterus, digestive tract
Blood vessels Hemangiosarcoma Arms, legs, trunk
Kaposi's sarcoma Legs, trunk
Lymph vessels Lymphangiosarcoma Arms
Synovial tissue
(linings of joint cavities, tendon sheaths)
Synovial sarcoma Legs
Peripheral nerves Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour/Neurofibrosarcoma Arms, legs, trunk
Cartilage and bone-forming tissue Extraskeletal chondrosarcoma Legs
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma Legs, trunk (not involving the bone)
Table 2: Major Types of Soft-Tissue Sarcomas in Children
Tissue of Origin Type of Cancer Usual Location in the Body Most common ages
Muscle
Striated
muscle
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Embryonal
Head and neck, genitourinary tract Infant–4
Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Arms, legs, head, and neck Infant–19
Smooth
muscle
Leiomyosarcoma Trunk 15–19
Fibrous tissue Fibrosarcoma Arms and legs 15–19
Malignant fibrous
histiocytoma
Legs 15–19
Dermatofibrosarcoma Trunk 15–19
Fat Liposarcoma Arms and Legs 15–19
Blood vessels Infantile hemangio-
pericytoma
Arms, legs, trunk, head, and neck Infant–4
Synovial tissue
(linings of joint cavities, tendon sheaths)
Synovial sarcoma Legs, arms, and trunk 15–19
Peripheral nerves Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (also called neurofibrosarcomas, malignant schwannomas, and neurogenic sarcomas) Arms, legs, and trunk 15–19
Muscular nerves Alveolar soft part sarcoma Arms and legs Infant–19
Cartilage and bone-forming tissue Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma Legs 10–14
Extraskeletal mesenchymal Legs 10–14

Types of sarcoma

(ICD-O codes are provided where available.)

Causes

Differential Diagnosis

Soft tissue sarcoma needs to differentiate from soft tissue benige tumors such as:

Drug Side Effect

References

  1. Borden EC, Baker LH, Bell RS, Bramwell V, Demetri GD, Eisenberg BL, Fletcher CD, Fletcher JA, Ladanyi M, Meltzer P, O'Sullivan B, Parkinson DR, Pisters PW, Saxman S, Singer S, Sundaram M, van Oosterom AT, Verweij J, Waalen J, Weiss SW, Brennan MF. Soft tissue sarcomas of adults: state of the translational science.Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Jun;9(6):1941-56. Review. PMID 12796356
  2. Tran T, Davila JA, El-Serag HB. The epidemiology of malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors: an analysis of 1,458 cases from 1992 to 2000. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:162-8. PMID 15654796
  3. Smigal C, Jemal A, Ward E, Cokkinides V, Smith R, Howe HL, Thun M. Trends in breast cancer by race and ethnicity: update 2006. CA Cancer J Clin 2006;56:168-83. PMID 16737949
  4. Longhi A, Errani C, De Paolis M, Mercuri M, Bacci G. Primary bone osteosarcoma in the pediatric age: state of the art. Cancer Treat Rev. 2006;32:423-36. PMID 16860938

External Links

ar:غرن da:Sarkom de:Sarkom fa:سارکوما it:Sarcoma he:סרקומה nl:Sarcoom no:Benvevskreft sv:Sarkom ur:لحمومہ

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