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==Overview==
==Overview==
The primary cause of otitis externa is [[bacterial]]; the majority of cases result from ''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]'' or ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' infections. [[Otomycosis]] can cause otitis externa, with primary infectious [[fungi]] including ''[[Candida albicans]]'' and ''[[Aspergillus niger]]''. [[Allergy]]-caused [[dermatitis]] can cause non-infectious otitis externa if they spread to the [[ear canal]], including [[inflammatory]] [[dermatoses]] such as [[eczema]], [[seborrhea]], and [[psoriasis]]. [[Contact dermatitis]] can cause otitis externa from allergic reactions to cosmetic chemicals and metals. Rarely, [[psoriasis]] therapy [[secukinumab]] can cause otitis externa as an adverse reaction.


==Causes==
==Causes==
Causes of otitis externa include all sources of[[Inflammation|inflammation]] of the external [[ear canal]].<ref name="pmid19450296">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hajioff D, Mackeith S |title=Otitis externa |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2008 |issue= |pages= |year=2008 |pmid=19450296 |pmc=2907945 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
===Bacterial===
*The primary [[bacterial]] infectious causes of otitis externa are the following:<ref name="WilliamsGillespie2010">{{cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=K. P.|last2=Gillespie|first2=J. J.|last3=Sobral|first3=B. W. S.|last4=Nordberg|first4=E. K.|last5=Snyder|first5=E. E.|last6=Shallom|first6=J. M.|last7=Dickerman|first7=A. W.|title=Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|volume=192|issue=9|year=2010|pages=2305–2314|issn=0021-9193|doi=10.1128/JB.01480-09}}</ref>
**''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''<ref name="WilliamsGillespie2010">{{cite journal|last1=Williams|first1=K. P.|last2=Gillespie|first2=J. J.|last3=Sobral|first3=B. W. S.|last4=Nordberg|first4=E. K.|last5=Snyder|first5=E. E.|last6=Shallom|first6=J. M.|last7=Dickerman|first7=A. W.|title=Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria|journal=Journal of Bacteriology|volume=192|issue=9|year=2010|pages=2305–2314|issn=0021-9193|doi=10.1128/JB.01480-09}}</ref>
**''[[Staphylococcus aureus|Staphylococcus aureus]]''
*Additional [[bacterial]] causes include the following:<ref name="pmid12169893">{{cite journal |vauthors=Roland PS, Stroman DW |title=Microbiology of acute otitis externa |journal=Laryngoscope |volume=112 |issue=7 Pt 1 |pages=1166–77 |year=2002 |pmid=12169893 |doi=10.1097/00005537-200207000-00005 |url=}}</ref>
**''[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]''
**''Microbacterium otitidis''
**''Microbacterium alconae''
**''[[Staphylococcus caprae]]''
**''Staphylococcus auricularis''
**''[[Enterococcus faecalis]]''
**''[[Enterobacter cloacae]]''
**''Staphylococcus capitis''
**''[[Staphylococcus haemolyticus]]''
*Infectious [[bacteria]] that thrive in water can cause otitis externa due to facilitated transport to the [[ear canal]].<ref name="urlSwimmers ear : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000622.htm |title=Swimmer's ear : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
===Fungal===
*[[Otomycosis]] can cause otitis externa, with primary infectious [[fungi]] including the following:<ref name="RosenfeldBrown2006">{{cite journal|last1=Rosenfeld|first1=R|last2=Brown|first2=L|last3=Cannon|first3=C|last4=Dolor|first4=R|last5=Ganiats|first5=T|last6=Hannley|first6=M|last7=Kokemueller|first7=P|last8=Marcy|first8=S|last9=Roland|first9=P|last10=Shiffman|first10=R|title=Clinical practice guideline: Acute otitis externa|journal=Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery|volume=134|issue=4|year=2006|pages=S4–S23|issn=01945998|doi=10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.014}}</ref>
**''[[Candida albicans]]''
**''[[Aspergillus niger]]''
*[[Otomycosis]]-caused otitis externa is common after prolonged antibiotic therapy.<ref name="pmid19450296">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hajioff D, Mackeith S |title=Otitis externa |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2008 |issue= |pages= |year=2008 |pmid=19450296 |pmc=2907945 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
===Allergic Reactions===
*[[Allergy]]-caused [[dermatitis]] can cause non-infectious otitis externa if they spread to the [[ear canal]] and include the following:<ref name="RosenfeldBrown2006">{{cite journal|last1=Rosenfeld|first1=R|last2=Brown|first2=L|last3=Cannon|first3=C|last4=Dolor|first4=R|last5=Ganiats|first5=T|last6=Hannley|first6=M|last7=Kokemueller|first7=P|last8=Marcy|first8=S|last9=Roland|first9=P|last10=Shiffman|first10=R|title=Clinical practice guideline: Acute otitis externa|journal=Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery|volume=134|issue=4|year=2006|pages=S4–S23|issn=01945998|doi=10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.014}}</ref>
**[[Eczema]]
**[[Seborrhea]]
**[[Psoriasis]]<ref>Kang K, Stevens SR. Pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 2003;21:116–121.</ref>
**[[Contact dermatitis]] as a reaction to the following:
***Metals, especially nickel or silver
***Hearing aids
***Chemical irritants, including shampoos, soaps, cosmetics etc.
===Drug interaction===
*Rarely, [[psoriasis]] therapy [[secukinumab]] can cause otitis externa as an adverse reaction.<ref name="urlDailyMed - COSENTYX- secukinumab injection">{{cite web |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=77c4b13e-7df3-42d4-81db-3d0cddb7f67a |title=DailyMed - COSENTYX- secukinumab injection |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Primary care]]
 
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
 
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Inflammations]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
[[Category:Otolaryngology]]

Latest revision as of 06:42, 28 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

The primary cause of otitis externa is bacterial; the majority of cases result from Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus infections. Otomycosis can cause otitis externa, with primary infectious fungi including Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Allergy-caused dermatitis can cause non-infectious otitis externa if they spread to the ear canal, including inflammatory dermatoses such as eczema, seborrhea, and psoriasis. Contact dermatitis can cause otitis externa from allergic reactions to cosmetic chemicals and metals. Rarely, psoriasis therapy secukinumab can cause otitis externa as an adverse reaction.

Causes

Causes of otitis externa include all sources ofinflammation of the external ear canal.[1]

Bacterial

Fungal

Allergic Reactions

Drug interaction

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hajioff D, Mackeith S (2008). "Otitis externa". BMJ Clin Evid. 2008. PMC 2907945. PMID 19450296.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Williams, K. P.; Gillespie, J. J.; Sobral, B. W. S.; Nordberg, E. K.; Snyder, E. E.; Shallom, J. M.; Dickerman, A. W. (2010). "Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (9): 2305–2314. doi:10.1128/JB.01480-09. ISSN 0021-9193.
  3. ↑ Roland PS, Stroman DW (2002). "Microbiology of acute otitis externa". Laryngoscope. 112 (7 Pt 1): 1166–77. doi:10.1097/00005537-200207000-00005. PMID 12169893.
  4. ↑ "Swimmer's ear : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Rosenfeld, R; Brown, L; Cannon, C; Dolor, R; Ganiats, T; Hannley, M; Kokemueller, P; Marcy, S; Roland, P; Shiffman, R (2006). "Clinical practice guideline: Acute otitis externa". Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 134 (4): S4–S23. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.014. ISSN 0194-5998.
  6. ↑ Kang K, Stevens SR. Pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. Clin Dermatol 2003;21:116–121.
  7. ↑ "DailyMed - COSENTYX- secukinumab injection".

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