Sandbox:Chandra: Difference between revisions

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*[[Foreign body aspiration]]
*[[Foreign body aspiration]]
*[[Hemothorax]]
*[[Hemothorax]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Malathion]]
*[[Malathion]]
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
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===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Aberrant subclavian artery]], [[acrocyanosis]], [[air embolism]], Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, [[alveolar capillary dysplasia ]], [[aortic arch anomalies|aortic arch defects]], [[aortic coarctation]], [[aortic stenosis]], [[thromboembolism|arterial occlusion]], [[atrial myxoma]], [[atrial septal defect]], Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome, [[Blalock-Taussig shunt]], [[Bland-White-Garland syndrome]], [[blue baby syndrome]], [[Buergers disease]], [[cardiac tamponade]], [[cardiomyopathy]], [[acrocyanosis|Cassirer disease]], [[cholesterol emboli syndrome]], [[cholesterol pneumonia]], [[congenital heart disease]], [[congestive heart failure]], [[cor biloculare]], [[cor triatriatum]], [[coronary artery anomaly]], [[aortic stenosis|critical valvular aortic stenosis]], [[Crocq disease]], [[cyanotic congenital heart disease]], [[deep vein thrombosis]], [[double inlet left ventricle]], [[double outlet right ventricle]], [[Ebstein anomaly]], [[Eisenmenger syndrome]], [[pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis|familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis]], [[heart attack]], [[hemothorax]], [[hypocalcemia]], [[hypoplastic left heart syndrome]], [[hypovolemia]], [[hypoxemia]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]], [[intermittent claudication]], [[ischemic heart disease]], isolated ventriculoarterial discordance, [[Ivemark syndrome]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], Kugel-Stoloff syndrome, [[laryngeal edema]], [[superior vena cava syndrome|malignancy-related superior vena cava syndrome]], [[Marfan syndrome]], [[Meadows syndrome]], [[mitral atresia|mitral atresia in infants]], [[myocardial infarction]], [[atrioventricular canal|partial atrioventricular canal]], [[patent ductus arteriosus]], [[patent foramen ovale]], [[peripartum cardiomyopathy]], [[peripheral arterial disease]], [[pulmonary hypertension classification|persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn]], [[persistent truncus arteriosus]], [[phlegmasia cerulea dolens]], pseudocyanosis, [[pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[pulmonary stenosis]], [[pulmonary veno-occlusive disease]], [[TAPVC|pulmonary venous return anomaly]], [[hypoplastic right heart syndrome|right ventricle hypoplasia]], [[right ventricular outflow tract obstruction]], [[shock]], [[Sneddon syndrome]], [[pulmonary stenosis|subpulmonary stenosis]], [[superior vena cava syndrome]], [[TAPVC]], [[Taussig-Bing syndrome]], [[tetralogy of Fallot]], [[total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]], [[transposition of the great vessels]], [[tricuspid atresia]], [[tricuspid stenosis]], [[truncus arteriosus]], vascular malposition, [[vascular rings]], [[velocardiofacial syndrome]], [[ventricular septal defect]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[trinitrotoluene|2,4,6-trinitrotoluene]], [[4-Nitrophenol]], [[list of poisonous plants|anchovy poisoning]], [[aniline]], [[anisidine]], [[antifreeze]], [[list of poisonous plants|apple seed poisoning]], [[list of poisonous plants|apricot seed poisoning]], [[arsine|arsine gas]], [[list of poisonous plants|bird cherry seed poisoning]], [[list of poisonous plants|bitter almond seed poisoning]], [[snakebites|brown snake poisoning]], [[carbamates]], [[chlorate salts]], [[chlorobenzene]], [[mercury|chronic mercury exposure]], clupeotoxin, [[cyanide poisoning]], [[demeton-S-methyl]], [[diazinon]], [[dichlorvos]], [[dicrotophos]], [[dinitrocresol]], [[dioxathion]], [[disulfoton]], [[endosulfan]], [[epichlorohydrin]], [[ethion]], [[ethylene glycol]], [[ethylene oxide]], [[ethylene]], [[fensulfothion]], [[fenthion]], [[methylmercury|herring poisoning]], [[hydrogen sulfide]], [[iron poisoning]], [[mimicry|lantana poisoning]], [[lead]], [[malathion]], [[methidathion]], [[methiocarb]], [[methomyl]], [[organophosphate poisoning]], [[paraquat]], [[parathion]], [[phosdrin]], [[profenofos]], [[propane]], [[snakebites|sea snake venom]], [[silver iodide]], [[silver nitrate]], [[silver]], [[smoke inhalation]], [[snakebites]], stachybotrys chartarum exposure, [[strychnine]], [[sulfur dioxide]], [[terbufos]], [[pyrophosphate|tetraethyl pyrophosphate]], [[tetrodotoxin]], [[thioglycolic acid]], [[trichloroethylene]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrodynia]], Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, [[angioneurotic edema]], [[chromhidrosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[vicodin|Acetaminophen and hydrocodone]], [[amiodarone]], [[amyl nitrite]], [[benzocaine]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[beta blockers]],[[bicisate dihydrochloride]], [[bufotenin]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[chloroquine]], [[clonazepam]], [[clorazepate]], [[codeine]], [[dapsone]], [[desmopressin]], [[diazepam]], [[dilaudid]], [[gray baby syndrome]], [[hydrocodone]], [[hydroquinone]], [[ibuprofen]], [[Imipenem-Cilastatin]],[[lorazepam]], [[lortab]], maternal sedation, [[meperidine]], [[methadone]], [[metoclopramide]], [[midazolam]], [[morphine]], [[narcotics]], [[nitrates]], [[nitrazepam]], [[nitrites]], [[nitroglycerin]], [[oxazepam]], [[phenazopyridine]], [[phenol]], [[phenothiazines]], [[primaquine ]], [[ribavirin]], [[rifampin]], [[sedatives]], [[sulfonamides]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Choanal atresia]], [[epiglottitis]], [[laryngomalacia]], [[laryngotracheomalacia]], [[Fryns syndrome|lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type]], [[Ludwig's angina]], [[macroglossia]], [[microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1]], [[micrognathia]], [[Pierre Robin syndrome]], [[retrognathia]], [[craniofacial anomalies|syndromic microphthalmia type 9]], [[vocal cord paralysis]], [[Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]], [[congenital hyperinsulinism]], [[hypoadrenalism]], [[hypocalcemia]], [[hypoglycemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[Liddle's syndrome|pseudoaldosteronism]], [[hyperchloremic acidosis|type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism]], [[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]], [[Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[berylliosis]], [[coal worker's pneumoconiosis]], [[cold exposure]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], [[insect sting allergy]], [[pneumoconiosis]], [[Shaver's disease]], [[pneumoconiosis pathophysiology|silicosiderosis]], [[silicosis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Boerhaave syndrome]], [[Cast syndrome]], [[cirrhosis of liver]], [[congenital diaphragmatic hernia]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[duodenal atresia]], [[esophageal atresia]], [[tracheal disease|tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula]], [[tracheoesophageal fistula]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[1p36 deletion syndrome]], [[acrocephalopolysyndactyly]], [[acrofacial dysostosis]], [[benign familial neonatal convulsions]], [[22q11.2 deletion syndrome|chromosome 22q11 deletion]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[DiGeorge syndrome]], [[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]], [[Marfan syndrome]], [[microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 ]], [[Sakati syndrome]], [[Sakati-Nyhan-Tisdale syndrome]], [[Shprintzen syndrome]], [[velocardiofacial syndrome]], [[VLCAD deficiency]], [[Werdnig-Hoffman disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Blood transfusion]], [[cystic hygroma]], [[deep vein thrombosis]], [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]], [[hemoglobinopathy]], [[methemoglobinemia]], [[Osler-Vaquez disease]], [[phlegmasia alba dolens]], [[phlegmasia cerulea dolens]], [[polycythemia vera]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[sulfhemoglobinemia]], [[polycythemia vera|Vaquez disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Mendelson's syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[histoplasmosis|Acute histoplasmosis]], [[anthracosis]], [[bacterial tracheitis]], [[bordetella pertussis]], [[epiglottitis]], [[legionellosis]], [[legionnaire's disease]], [[Ludwig's angina]], [[melioidosis]], [[meningitis]], [[pertussis]], [[sepsis]], [[group B streptococcal infection|streptococcal group B invasive disease ]], [[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]], [[western equine encephalitis]], [[whooping cough]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adams–Oliver syndrome]], Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome, [[Isaac's syndrome]], [[Fryns syndrome|lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type]], [[microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1]], [[neuromyotonia]], [[thoracic dystrophy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adams-Oliver syndrome]], [[benign familial neonatal convulsions]], Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome, [[birth asphyxia]], [[cerebral hypoxia]], [[congenital central hypoventilation syndrome]], [[encephalitis]], [[head trauma]], [[cerebral hypoxia|hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy]], [[intracranial hemorrhage]], [[intraventricular hemorrhage]], [[Isaac's syndrome]], [[meningitis]], [[monomelic amyotrophy]], [[mountain sickness]], [[myasthenia gravis|neonatal myasthenia gravis]], [[neuromyotonia]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], [[perinatal asphyxia]], [[phrenic nerve|phrenic nerve injury]], [[seizure]], [[sleep apnea]], [[sudden infant death syndrome]], [[suffocation]], [[tonic-clonic seizures]], [[vein of Galen|vein of Galen aneurysm]], [[vocal cord paralysis]], [[Werdnig-Hoffman disease]], [[western equine encephalitis]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dehydration]], diphosphoglycerate mutase deficiency, [[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Meadows syndrome]], [[Mendelson's syndrome]], [[peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cystic hygroma]], [[superior vena cava syndrome|malignancy-related superior vena cava syndrome]], [[Osler-Vaquez disease]], [[Pancoast tumor]], [[polycythemia vera]], [[polycythemia vera|Vaquez disease]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Opthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| Matthew-Wood syndrome, [[Sneddon syndrome]], [[Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Drug overdose]], [[heroin]], [[phosdrin]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome]], [[shaken baby syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrocyanosis]], [[acute interstitial pneumonitis]], air leak syndromes, [[airway obstruction]], [[alveolar capillary dysplasia]], [[angioneurotic edema]], [[apnea of prematurity]], [[aspiration]], [[asthma]], [[atelectasis]], [[bacterial tracheitis]], [[Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease]], [[bronchiectasis]], [[bronchiolitis]], [[bronchopulmonary dysplasia]], [[bronchospasm]], [[acrocyanosis|Cassirer disease]], [[cholesterol pneumonia]], [[chronic bronchitis]], [[chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]], [[chylothorax]], [[community-acquired pneumonia]], [[congenital central hypoventilation syndrome]], [[congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation]], [[congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia]], [[Crocq disease]], [[croup]], [[cystic fibrosis]], diaphragmatic paralysis, [[emphysema]], [[empyema]], [[epiglottitis]], erythrocyanosis, [[exercise-induced asthma]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[interstitial fibrosis|familial interstitial fibrosis ]], [[pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis|familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis]], [[fibrosing alveolitis]], [[flail chest]], [[foreign body aspiration]], [[Hamman-Rich syndrome ]], [[hemothorax]], [[hyaline membrane disease]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], [[hypoventilation]], [[hypoxemia]], [[hypoxia (medical)]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis|idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis]], [[idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]], [[tracheal stenosis|idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis ]], [[infant respiratory distress syndrome]], [[infantile apnea]], [[interstitial lung disease]], laryngeal cleft, [[laryngeal edema]], [[laryngomalacia]], [[laryngotracheomalacia]], [[Fryns syndrome|lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type ]], [[lobar emphysema]], [[lung abscess]], Matthew-Wood syndrome, [[meconium aspiration syndrome]], [[Mendelson's syndrome]], [[mountain sickness]], [[obstructive sleep apnea]], [[Pancoast tumor]], [[perinatal asphyxia]], [[Pickwickian syndrome]], [[Pierre Robin syndrome]], [[pleural effusion]], [[pneumoconiosis]], [[pneumonia]], [[pneumothorax]], pseudocyanosis, [[pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]], [[pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]], [[pulmonary artery sling]], [[pulmonary atresia]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[pulmonary embolism]], [[pulmonary fibrosis]], [[pulmonary hemorrhage]], [[pulmonary hypertension]], [[congenital pulmonary anomalies|pulmonary hypoplasia]], [[respiratory depression]], [[respiratory distress syndrome]], [[respiratory failure]], respiratory muscle paralysis, [[sarcoidosis]], [[Shaver's disease]], [[sleep apnea]], [[smoke inhalation]], [[spontaneous pneumothorax]], [[sudden infant death syndrome]], [[suffocation]], [[surfactant deficient disease|surfactant metabolism dysfunction]], [[tension pneumothorax]], [[tracheal disease|tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula]], [[tracheal stenosis]], [[tracheoesophageal fistula]], [[transient tachypnea of the newborn]], [[unilateral pulmonary agenesis]], [[congenital pulmonary anomalies|unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia]], [[whooping cough]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Cholesterol emboli syndrome]], [[dehydration]], [[Goodpasture syndrome]], [[hypermagnesemia]], [[hypocalcemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Angioneurotic edema]], [[Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease]], [[Buergers disease]], [[DiGeorge syndrome]], [[extrinsic allergic alveolitis]], [[Goodpasture syndrome]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]],  [[insect sting allergy]], [[laryngeal edema]], [[lupus]], [[myasthenia gravis|neonatal myasthenia gravis]], [[Raynaud's disease]], [[Raynaud's phenomenon]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[Shprintzen syndrome]], [[velocardiofacial syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Flail chest]], [[head trauma]], [[hemothorax]], [[chest trauma|penetrating chest wounds]], [[shaken baby syndrome]], [[electrical injury|thermal injury]],
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Choking]], [[drowning]], [[strangling|hanging]], [[high altitude]], [[hypothermia]], [[immobility]]
|-
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[1p36 deletion syndrome]]
*[[trinitrotoluene|2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene]]
*[[4-Nitrophenol]]
*[[Aberrant subclavian artery]]
*[[vicodin|Acetaminophen and hydrocodone]]
*[[Acrocephalopolysyndactyly]]
*[[Acrocyanosis]]
*[[Acrodynia]]
*[[Acrofacial dysostosis]]
*[[histoplasmosis|Acute histoplasmosis]]
*[[Acute interstitial pneumonitis]]
*[[Adams-Oliver syndrome]]
*[[Adrenal hemorrhage]]
*[[Air embolism]]
*Air leak syndromes
*[[Airway obstruction ]]
*Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome
*[[Alveolar capillary dysplasia ]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Amyl nitrite]]
*[[list of poisonous plants|Anchovy poisoning]]
*[[Angioneurotic edema]]
*[[Aniline]]
*[[Anisidine]]
*[[Anthracosis]]
*[[Antifreeze]]
*[[aortic arch anomalies|Aotic arch defects]]
*[[Aortic coarctation]]
*[[Aortic stenosis]]
*[[Apnea of prematurity]]
*[[list of poisonous plants|Apple seed poisoning]]
*[[list of poisonous plants|Apricot seed poisoning]]
*[[arsine|Arsine gas]]
*[[thromboembolism|Arterial occlusion]]
*[[Asbestosis]]
*[[Aspiration]]
*[[Asthma]]
*[[Atelectasis]]
*[[Atrial myxoma]]
*[[Atrial septal defect]]
*[[Bacterial tracheitis]]
*[[Benign familial neonatal convulsions]]
*[[Benzocaine]]
*[[Benzodiazepines]]
*[[Berylliosis]]
*[[Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease]]
*[[Beta blockers]]
*[[Bicisate dihydrochloride]]
*[[Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome]]
*[[list of poisonous plants|Bird cherry seed poisoning]]
*[[Birth asphyxia]]
*[[list of poisonous plants|Bitter almond poisoning]]
*[[Blalock-Taussig shunt]]
*[[Bland-White-Garland syndrome]]
*[[Blood transfusion]]
*[[Blue baby syndrome]]
*[[Boerhaave syndrome]]
*[[Bordetella pertussis]]
*[[Bronchiectasis]]
*[[Bronchiolitis]]
*[[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]]
*[[Bronchospasm]]
*[[Buergers disease]]
*[[snakebites|Brown snake poisoning]]
*[[Bufotenin]]
*[[Carbamates]]
*[[Cardiac tamponade]]
*[[Cardiomyopathy]]
*[[acrocyanosis|Cassirer disease]]
*[[Cast syndrome]]
*[[Cerebral hypoxia]]
*[[Chloramphenicol]]
*[[Chlorate salts]]
*[[Chlorobenzene]]
*[[Chloroquine]]
*[[Choanal atresia]]
*[[Choking]]
*[[Cholesterol emboli syndrome]]
*[[Cholesterol pneumonia]]
*[[Chromhidrosis]]
*[[22q11.2 deletion syndrome|Chromosome 22q11 deletion]]
*[[Chronic bronchitis]]
*[[mercury|Chronic mercury exposure]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
*[[Chylothorax]]
*[[Cirrhosis of liver]]
*[[Clonazepam]]
*[[Clorazepate]]
*Clupeotoxin
*[[Coal worker's pneumoconiosis]]
*[[Codeine]]
*[[Cold exposure]]
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]
*[[Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome]]
*[[Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation]]
*[[Congenital diaphragmatic hernia]]
*[[Congenital heart disease]]
*[[Congenital hyperinsulinism]]
*[[Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia ]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[Cor biloculare]]
*[[Cor triatriatum]]
*[[Coronary artery anomaly]]
*[[aortic stenosis|Critical valvular aortic stenosis]]
*[[Crocq disease]]
*[[Croup]]
*[[Cyanide poisoning]]
*[[Cyanotic congenital heart disease]]
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
*[[Cystic hygroma]]
*[[Dapsone]]
*[[Deep vein thrombosis]]
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Demeton-S-methyl]]
*[[Desmopressin]]
*Diaphragmatic paralysis
*[[Diazepam]]
*[[Diazinon]]
*[[Dichlorvos]]
*[[Dicrotophos]]
*[[DiGeorge syndrome]]
*[[Dilaudid]]
*[[Dinitrocresol]]
*[[Dioxathion]]
*Diphosphoglycerate mutase deficiency
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
*[[Disulfoton]]
*[[Double inlet left ventricle]]
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]
*[[Drowning]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Drug overdose]]
*[[Duodenal atresia]]
*[[Ebstein anomaly]]
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]]
*[[Emphysema]]
*[[Empyema]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Endosulfan]]
*[[Epichlorohydrin]]
*[[Epiglottitis]]
*Erythrocyanosis
*[[Esophageal atresia]]
*[[Ethion]]
*[[Ethylene]]
*[[Ethylene glycol]]
*[[Ethylene oxide]]
*[[Exercise-induced asthma]]
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]
*[[interstitial fibrosis|Familial interstitial fibrosis]]
*[[pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis|Familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis]]
*[[Fensulfothion]]
*[[Fenthion]]
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]]
*[[Flail chest]]
*[[Foreign body aspiration]]
*[[Goodpasture syndrome]]
*[[Gray baby syndrome]]
*[[Hamman-Rich syndrome ]]
*[[strangling|Hanging]]
*[[Head trauma]]
*[[Heart attack]]
*[[Hemoglobinopathy]]
*[[Hemothorax]]
*[[Heroin]]
*[[methylmercury|Herring poisoning]]
*[[High altitude]]
*[[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]]
*[[Hyaline membrane disease]]
*[[Hydrocodone]]
*[[Hydrogen sulfide]]
*[[Hydroquinone]]
*[[Hypermagnesemia]]
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]
*[[Hypoadrenalism]]
*[[Hypocalcemia]]
*[[Hypoglycemia]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
*[[Hypoplastic left heart syndrome]]
*[[Hypothermia]]
*[[Hypoventilation]]
*[[Hypovolemia]]
*[[Hypoxemia]]
*[[Hypoxia (medical)]]
*[[cerebral hypoxia|Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy]]
*[[Ibuprofen]]
*[[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis]]
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[tracheal stenosis|Idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis]]
*[[Immobility]]
*[[Infant respiratory distress syndrome]]
*[[apnea|Infantile apnea]]
*[[Insect sting allergy]]
*[[Intermittent claudication]]
*[[Interrupted aortic arch]]
*[[Interstitial lung disease]]
*[[Intracranial hemorrhage]]
*[[Intraventricular hemorrhage]]
*[[Iron poisoning]]
*[[Isaac's syndrome]]
*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
*Isolated ventriculoarterial discordance
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]
*[[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]]
*Kugel-Stoloff syndrome
*[[mimicry|Lantana poisoning]]
*Laryngeal cleft
*[[Laryngeal edema]]
*[[Laryngomalacia]]
*[[Laryngotracheomalacia]]
*[[Lead]]
*[[Legionellosis]]
*[[Legionnaire's disease]]
*[[Fryns syndrome|Lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type]]
*[[congenital pulmonary anomalies|Lobar emphysema]]
*[[Lorazepam]]
*[[Lortab]]
*[[Ludwig's angina]]
*[[Lung abscess]]
*[[Lupus]]
*[[Macroglossia]]
*[[Malathion]]
*[[superior vena cava syndrome|Malignancy-related superior vena cava syndrome]]
*[[Marfan syndrome]]
*Maternal sedation
*Matthew-Wood syndrome
*[[Meadows syndrome]]
*[[Meconium aspiration syndrome]]
*[[Melioidosis]]
*[[Mendelson's syndrome]]
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Meperidine]]
*[[Methadone]]
*[[Methemoglobinemia]]
*[[Methidathion]]
*[[Methiocarb]]
*[[Methomyl]]
*[[Metoclopramide]]
*[[Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1]]
*[[Micrognathia]]
*[[Midazolam]]
*[[mitral atresia|Mitral atresia in infants]]
*[[Monomelic amyotrophy]]
*[[Morphine]]
*[[Mountain sickness]]
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
*[[Narcotics]]
*[[myasthenia gravis|Neonatal myasthenia gravis]]
*[[Neuromyotonia]]
*[[Nitrates]]
*[[Nitrazepam]]
*[[Nitrites]]
*[[Nitroglycerin]]
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
*[[Osler-Vaquez disease]]
*[[Oxazepam]]
*[[Pancoast tumor]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Paraquat]]
*[[Parathion]]
*[[atrioventricular canal|Partial atrioventricular canal]]
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]
*[[Patent foramen ovale]]
*[[chest trauma|Penetrating chest wounds]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Perinatal asphyxia]]
*[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Peripheral arterial disease]]
*[[pulmonary hypertension classification|Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn]]
*[[Persistent truncus arteriosus]]
*[[Pertussis]]
*[[Pneumothorax]]
*[[Phenazopyridine]]
*[[Phenol]]
*[[Phenothiazines]]
*[[Phlegmasia alba dolens]]
*[[Phlegmasia cerulea dolens]]
*[[Phosdrin]]
*[[phrenic nerve|Phrenic nerve injury]]
*[[Pickwickian syndrome]]
*[[Pierre Robin syndrome]]
*[[Pleural effusion]]
*[[Pneumoconiosis]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pneumothorax]]
*[[Polycythemia vera]]
*[[Primaquine ]]
*[[Profenofos]]
*[[Propane]]
*[[Liddle's syndrome|Pseudoaldosteronism]]
*Pseudocyanosis
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]]
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]]
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]]
*[[Pulmonary artery sling]]
*[[Pulmonary atresia]]
*[[Pulmonary edema]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
*[[Pulmonary hemorrhage]]
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[congenital pulmonary anomalies|Pulmonary hypoplasia]]
*[[Pulmonary stenosis]]
*[[Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease]]
*[[TAPVC|Pulmonary venous return anomaly]]
*[[Raynaud's disease]]
*[[Raynaud's phenomenon]]
*[[Respiratory depression]]
*[[Respiratory distress syndrome]]
*[[Respiratory failure]]
*Respiratory muscle paralysis
*[[Retrognathia]]
*[[Ribavirin]]
*[[Rifampin]]
*[[hypoplastic right heart syndrome|Right ventricle hypoplasia]]
*[[Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction]]
*[[Sakati syndrome]]
*[[Sakati-Nyhan-Tisdale syndrome]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[snakebites|Sea snake venom]]
*[[Sedatives]]
*[[Seizure]]
*[[Sepsis]]
*[[Shaken baby syndrome]]
*[[Shaver's disease]]
*[[Shock]]
*[[Shprintzen syndrome]]
*[[pneumoconiosis pathophysiology|Silicosiderosis]]
*[[Silicosis]]
*[[Silver]]
*[[Silver iodide]]
*[[Silver nitrate]]
*[[Sleep apnea]]
*[[Smoke inhalation]]
*[[Snakebites]]
*[[Sneddon syndrome]]
*[[Spontaneous pneumothorax]]
*Stachybotrys chartarum exposure
*[[Streptococcal Group B invasive disease]]
*[[Strychnine]]
*[[pulmonary stenosis|Subpulmonary stenosis]]
*[[Sudden infant death syndrome]]
*[[Suffocation]]
*[[Sulfhemoglobinemia]]
*[[Sulfonamides]]
*[[Sulfur dioxide]]
*[[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
*[[surfactant deficient disease|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]
*[[craniofacial anomalies|Syndromic microphthalmia type 9]]
*[[TAPVC]]
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome]]
*[[Tension pneumothorax]]
*[[Terbufos]]
*[[Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate]]
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
*[[Tetrodotoxin]]
*[[electrical injury|Thermal injury]]
*[[Thioglycolic acid]]
*[[arthrogryposis|Thoracic dystrophy]]
*[[Tonic-clonic seizures]]
*[[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]]
*[[tracheal disease|Tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula]]
*[[Tracheal stenosis]]
*[[Tracheoesophageal fistula]]
*[[Transient tachypnea of the newborn]]
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]
*[[Trichloroethylene]]
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]
*[[Tricuspid stenosis]]
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]
*[[hyperchloremic acidosis|Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism]]
*[[Unilateral pulmonary agenesis]]
*[[congenital pulmonary anomalies|Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia]]
*[[polycythemia vera|Vaquez disease]]
*Vascular malposition
*[[Vascular rings]]
*[[Vein of Galen|Vein of Galen aneurysm]]
*[[Velocardiofacial syndrome]]
*[[Ventricular septal defect]]
*[[VLCAD deficiency]]
*[[Vocal cord paralysis]]
*[[Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome]]
*[[Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome]]
*[[Werdnig-Hoffman disease]]
*[[Western equine encephalitis]]
*[[Whooping cough]]
{{col-end}}




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Revision as of 21:10, 21 February 2018


Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Causes

Cyanosis can be caused by the following mechanisms, systemic arterial oxygen desaturation and increased oxygen extraction by the tissues. Based on these mechanisms, Cyanosis can be either Central or Peripheral. Certain conditions present with bluish purple discoloration of skin or mucous membranes, can mimic cyanosis, are not associated with hypoxemia or peripheral vasoconstriction and is called Pseudocyanosis.

Common Causes

Central Cyanosis:

There following are some of the Common causes of Central Cyanosis:[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

Peripheral Cyanosis

In Peripheral cyanosis, systemic arterial oxygen saturation is normal. However, increased oxygen extraction by tissues results in systemic arteriovenous oxygen difference and increased amount of deoxygenated blood in the capillary beds. The increased oxygen extraction results from sluggish blood flow through the capillary circulation. There following are some of the Common causes of Peripheral Cyanosis: [9] [10]

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.



  1. ↑ DiMaio AM, Singh J (October 1992). "The infant with cyanosis in the emergency room". Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 39 (5): 987–1006. PMID 1523025.
  2. ↑ Driscoll DJ (February 1990). "Evaluation of the cyanotic newborn". Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 37 (1): 1–23. PMID 2407997.
  3. ↑ Frank DB, Hanna BD (April 2015). "Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease and Eisenmenger syndrome: current practice in pediatrics". Minerva Pediatr. 67 (2): 169–85. PMC 4382100. PMID 25604592.
  4. ↑ Izraelit A, Ten V, Krishnamurthy G, Ratner V (2011). "Neonatal cyanosis: diagnostic and management challenges". ISRN Pediatr. 2011: 175931. doi:10.5402/2011/175931. PMC 3317242. PMID 22482063.
  5. ↑ Serino G, Giacomazzi F (2010). "[Pulmonary arterial hypertension in adult patients with congenital heart disease]". Pediatr Med Chir (in Italian). 32 (6): 274–9. PMID 21462449.
  6. ↑ Curry S (April 1982). "Methemoglobinemia". Ann Emerg Med. 11 (4): 214–21. PMID 7073040.
  7. ↑ Ash-Bernal R, Wise R, Wright SM (September 2004). "Acquired methemoglobinemia: a retrospective series of 138 cases at 2 teaching hospitals". Medicine (Baltimore). 83 (5): 265–73. PMID 15342970.
  8. ↑ Kondamudi NP, Dulebohn SC. PMID 28722923. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  9. ↑ Fardoun MM, Nassif J, Issa K, Baydoun E, Eid AH (2016). "Raynaud's Phenomenon: A Brief Review of the Underlying Mechanisms". Front Pharmacol. 7: 438. doi:10.3389/fphar.2016.00438. PMC 5110514. PMID 27899893.
  10. ↑ Das S, Maiti A (November 2013). "Acrocyanosis: an overview". Indian J Dermatol. 58 (6): 417–20. doi:10.4103/0019-5154.119946. PMC 3827510. PMID 24249890.
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