Retinoblastoma echocardiography or ultrasound: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
On [[ultrasound imaging]], [[retinoblastoma]] is characterized by echogenic [[Soft tissue|soft-tissue]] [[Mass|masses]] with variable shadowing due to [[calcification]] and [[heterogeneity]] due to [[necrosis]] and/or [[hemorrhage]].
==Ultrasound==
==Ultrasound==
This is an painless test which uses sound waves to create a picture of the eye balls. Because tumors generate different echoes of sound waves than normal tissue, the doctor can locate a mass inside the body. Ultrasound is one of the most commonly used imaging tests to confirm retinoblastoma in present.
*[[Ultrasound biomicroscopy|Ultrasound B-scan]] is helpful in the primary method to confirm the presence of a [[mass]] in the [[eyeball]].<ref>{{cite book | last = Dutta | first = L. C. | title = Modern ophthalmology | publisher = Jaypee Bros | location = New Delhi, India | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-8180614705 }}</ref>
 
*This [[Imaging studies|imaging method]] is useful in:
Performed in children under general anesthesia, ultrasound demonstrates an irregular mass, more [[echogenic]] than the [[vitreous]] body, with fine [[calcifications]] (highly reflective foci mostly with characteristic acoustic shadowing)<ref name="pmid10915702">{{cite journal |author=Kaste SC, Jenkins JJ, Pratt CB, Langston JW, Haik BG |title=Retinoblastoma: sonographic findings with pathologic correlation in pediatric patients |journal=[[AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology]] |volume=175 |issue=2 |pages=495–501 |year=2000 |month=August |pmid=10915702 |doi= |url=http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10915702 |accessdate=2012-05-29}}</ref>. The vitreous may have echogenic debris from hemorrhage, increased globulin content, or tumor seeding.<ref> Caprioli J. The ciliary epithelia and aqueous humor. In: Hart WM Jr, ed.Adler's physiology of the eye, 9th ed. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992;228-247</ref> Retinal detachment may also be observed. Tumor height and diameter are usually measured at ultrasound, as these measurements are used for choice of treatment. Color Doppler can be useful for differentiating a vascularized tumor mass from echogenic effusions and for differentiation against developmental abnormalities such as [[persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous]] (PHPV; also known as persistent fetal vasculature, PFV), with the characteristic persisting [[hyaloid artery]]. <ref name="pmid21850471">{{cite journal |author=de Graaf P, Göricke S, Rodjan F, Galluzzi P, Maeder P, Castelijns JA, Brisse HJ |title=Guidelines for imaging retinoblastoma: imaging principles and MRI standardization |journal=[[Pediatric Radiology]] |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=2–14 |year=2012 |month=January |pmid=21850471 |pmc=3256324 |doi=10.1007/s00247-011-2201-5 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-011-2201-5 |accessdate=2012-05-29}}</ref>
**Measuring the [[Dimension|dimensions]] of [[mass]]
 
**Detecting associated [[vitreous]] seeds or [[retinal detachment]]
 
**Excluding [[optic nerve]] invasion
However, it can give only limited evaluation when there is medial, or lateral or extraocular extension of the tumor. It is not the modality of choice for the direct evaluation of metastatic risk factors for example tumor calcifications can obscure the visualization of optic nerve.<ref name="pmid10915702">{{cite journal |author=Kaste SC, Jenkins JJ, Pratt CB, Langston JW, Haik BG |title=Retinoblastoma: sonographic findings with pathologic correlation in pediatric patients |journal=[[AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology]] |volume=175 |issue=2 |pages=495–501 |year=2000 |month=August |pmid=10915702 |doi= |url=http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10915702 |accessdate=2012-05-29}}</ref> But according to a single case report, measurement of optic nerve diameter with a 3D-Ultrasound technique can be used to indirectly detect optic nerve invasion.<ref name="pmid12234894">{{cite journal |author=Finger PT, Khoobehi A, Ponce-Contreras MR, Rocca DD, Garcia JP |title=Three dimensional ultrasound of retinoblastoma: initial experience |journal=[[The British Journal of Ophthalmology]] |volume=86 |issue=10 |pages=1136–8 |year=2002 |month=October |pmid=12234894 |pmc=1771307 |doi= |url=http://bjo.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12234894 |accessdate=2012-05-29}}</ref>
*On [[ultrasound imaging]], [[retinoblastoma]] appears as:
 
**A dome-shaped solid [[mass]] with variable [[internal]] reflectivity.
**Intralesional [[calcification]] may or may not be seen.
*The [[accuracy]] of this [[Imaging studies|imaging study]] in [[Diagnosis|diagnosing]] [[retinoblastoma]] has been observed to be between 87.5% to 100%.<ref name="pmid8586499">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zilelioğlu G, Gündüz K |title=Ultrasonic findings in intraocular retinoblastoma and correlation with histopathologic diagnosis |journal=Int Ophthalmol |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=71–5 |date=1995 |pmid=8586499 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="Nagaraju2015">{{cite journal|last1=Nagaraju|first1=Rashmi M|title=Efficacy of High Frequency Ultrasound in Localization and Characterization of Orbital Lesions|journal=JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH|year=2015|issn=2249782X|doi=10.7860/JCDR/2015/13021.6428}}</ref>
==References==
==References==
<references/>
{{reflist|2}}


==See also==
[[Category:Medicine]]
*[[Eye cancer]]
*[[Eye examination]]
 
{{Nervous tissue tumors}}
 
[[Category:Ophthalmology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:hereditary cancers]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology stub]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
 
[[Category:Surgery]]
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Latest revision as of 23:59, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sahar Memar Montazerin, M.D.[2] Simrat Sarai, M.D. [3]

Overview

On ultrasound imaging, retinoblastoma is characterized by echogenic soft-tissue masses with variable shadowing due to calcification and heterogeneity due to necrosis and/or hemorrhage.

Ultrasound

References

  1. Dutta, L. C. (2005). Modern ophthalmology. New Delhi, India: Jaypee Bros. ISBN 978-8180614705.
  2. Zilelioğlu G, Gündüz K (1995). "Ultrasonic findings in intraocular retinoblastoma and correlation with histopathologic diagnosis". Int Ophthalmol. 19 (2): 71–5. PMID 8586499.
  3. Nagaraju, Rashmi M (2015). "Efficacy of High Frequency Ultrasound in Localization and Characterization of Orbital Lesions". JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/13021.6428. ISSN 2249-782X.