Retinitis physical examination

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Overview

Signs associated with retinitis will vary according to the underlying condition responsible for the disease. Genetic defects will result in a genetic disorder known as Retinitis pigmentosa.

Physical Examination

Genetic

Retinitis Pigmentosa

  • Cone or rod dystrophy
  • Rod cell degeneration[1]

Infectious Agents

Cytomegalovirus

  • Physical evidence of a cytomegalovirus presence in one of both eyes will generally clinical present in the form of lesions, adjacent retinal vessels.
  • These lesions may impinge upon the fovea and the optic nerve. Furthermore they are usually discovered in close proximity to both.
  • Further extending legions may be present in close proximity to the vortex veins as well as the ora serrata.[2]

Tuberculosis

  • Caseating granulomas
  • Multiple choroidal tubercles- small grayish nodules located on the posterior pole of the eye
  • Yellow necrotizing granulomas[2]

Fungal

Candida albicans
  • Visibly hazy vitreous
  • White circumscribed lesions[2]

Aspergillus fumigatus

  • Yellow subretinal infiltrates
  • Retinal infiltrates
  • Fungal hyphae are located throughout the eye - suggestive of pulmonary involvement[2]

Cryptococcus neoformans

  • Yellowish-white lesions located on the fundus of the eye
  • Mutton-fat keratic precipitates[2]

Toxoplasmosis

  • Localized areas of infiltrate
  • Active lesions are adjacent to initial scarring[2]

Syphilis

  • Hemorrhagic areas
  • Flare visible in anterior and posterior portions[2]

References

  1. Retinitis Pigmentosa. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://www.genome.gov/13514348
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Infectious Retinitis: A Review. YACHNA AHUJA, MD · STEVEN M. COUCH, MD · RAYMUND R. RAZONABLE, MD · SOPHIE J. BAKRI, MD. http://www.retinalphysician.com/articleviewer.aspx?articleID=102293. Accessed April 13, 2016.

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