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| {{SK}} Bloodshot eye | | {{SK}} Bloodshot eye |
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| ==Physical Examination==
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| ===Eye===
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| Some [[sign (medicine)|sign]]s and [[symptom]]s of red eye represent warnings that the underlying cause is serious and requires immediate attention.
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| The [[person]] conducting a thorough [[eye examination]] should be attentive to the warning signs and symptoms during the eye exam.
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| There are six danger signs: conjunctival injection, ciliary flush (circumcorneal injection), corneal edema or opacities, corneal staining, abnormal pupil size, and abnormal intraocular pressure.
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| ====Visual Acuity====
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| ''Reduced [[visual acuity]]'' is indicative of serious ocular disease, such as [[cornea]]l inflammation, [[iridocyclitis]], and [[glaucoma]], and never occurs in simple [[conjunctivitis]] without concurrent corneal involvement.
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| ====Ciliary Flush====
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| ''Ciliary flush'' is usually present in eyes with corneal inflammation, iridocyclitis or [[acute glaucoma]], though not simple conjunctivitis.
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| A ciliary flush is a ring of red or violet around the [[cornea]] of the eye.
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| ====Corneal Opacification====
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| Corneal opacities always indicate that a serious disease process is in progress.
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| Opacification may be detected using an [[ophthalmoscope]] or, in more obvious cases, with a pen light.
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| These opacities may be keratic, haze-like (usually from corneal [[edema]]), or they may be localized such as with [[ulcer]]ated corneas or those affected by [[keratitis]].
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| ====Corneal Epithelial Disruption====
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| Corneal epithelial disruptions may be detected with [[fluorescein]] staining of the eye, and careful observation with cobalt-blue light.
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| Corneal epithelial disruptions would stain green, which represents some injury of the corneal epithelium.
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| These types of disruptions may be due to corneal inflammations or [[physical trauma]] to the cornea.
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| ====Pupillary Abnormalities====
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| An eye with iridocyclitis would have one [[pupil]] that is smaller than the other, which is caused by a [[reflex]] [[muscle]] [[spasm]] of the [[Iris (anatomy)|iris]] sphincter muscle.
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| As is the general rule, conjunctivitis does not affect the pupils.
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| With acute angle-closure glaucoma, the pupil would be partially dilated and oval.
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| ====Shallow Anterior Chamber Depth====
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| Shallow anterior chamber depth usually indicates some problem.
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| If the eye is red, anterior chamber depth may indicate acute [[glaucoma]], which requires immediate attention.
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| ====Abnormal Intraocular Pressure====
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| Intraocular pressure should be measured as part of the routine [[eye examination]].
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| It is usually affected only by iridocyclitis or acute-closure glaucoma, but not by relatively benign conditions.
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| In iritis and traumatic perforating ocular injuries, pressure is usually low.
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| ====Proptosis====
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| [[Proptosis]], or forward displacement of the globe, may be caused by an [[infection]] of the [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]], or a cavernous sinus disease.
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| Most commonly, chronic proptosis is caused by [[thyroid]] diseases such as [[Graves disease]].
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |