Raynaud's phenomenon causes: Difference between revisions

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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Raynaud's phenomenon}}
{{Raynaud's phenomenon}}
'''Editors-In-Chief:''' Asghar Fakhri, M.D., Duane S. Pinto, M.D. and C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.
'''Editors-In-Chief:''' Asghar Fakhri, M.D., Duane S. Pinto, M.D. and [[User:C Michael Gibson|C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.]]
== Overview ==
== Overview ==
== Associated Conditions ==
==Causes==
Secondary Raynaud's has a number of associations:
===Causes by Organ System===
* [[Connective tissue disorder]]s:
 
** [[scleroderma]]
{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
** [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
** [[rheumatoid arthritis]]
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Arteriosclerosis obliterans]], [[Arteriovenous fistula]], [[Atherosclerosis]], [[Embolism]], [[Peripheral emboli]], [[Peripheral vascular disease]], [[Subclavian aneurysms]], [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Takayasu arteritis]], [[Temporal arteritis]], [[Thromboangitis obliterans]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis ]]
** [[Sjögren's syndrome]]
|-
** [[dermatomyositis]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[polymyositis]]
| '''Chemical / poisoning'''
* [[Eating disorder]]s
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenicals]], [[Lead]], [[Polyvinyl chloride]], [[Thallium]], [[Vinyl chloride]]
** [[Anorexia Nervosa]]
|-
* Obstructive disorders
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[atherosclerosis]]
| '''Dermatologic'''
** [[Buerger's disease]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
** [[aneurysm|subclavian aneurysm]]s
|-
** [[thoracic outlet syndrome]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
* [[Drugs]]
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
** [[Beta-blocker]]s
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amphetamines]], [[Arsenic trioxide]], [[Atenolol]], [[Beta-blockers]], [[Bleomycin]], [[Bromocriptine]], [[Cabergoline]], [[Clonidine]], [[Cyclosporin]], [[Cytotoxic drugs]], [[Ergometrine]], [[Ergotamine]], [[Hormonal contraceptives]], [[Imipramine]], [[Lysuride]], [[Melarsoprol]], [[Methylphenidate]], [[Methysergide]], [[Pergolide]], [[Piribedil]], [[Pramipexole]], [[Propranolol]], [[Pseudoephedrine]], [[Ropinirole]], [[Sulfasalazine ]], [[Vinblastine]]
** [[cytotoxic drug]]s - particularly [[chemotherapy|chemotherapeutics]] and most especially [[bleomycin]]
|-
** [[cyclosporin]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[ergotamine]]
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
** [[sulfasalazine]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
* Occupation
|-
** jobs involving vibration, particularly drilling
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** exposure to [[vinyl chloride]]
| '''Endocrine'''
** exposure to the cold (e.g. by working packing frozen food)
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acromegaly]], [[Hypothyroidism]], [[Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma]]
* Others
|-
** [[hypothyroidism]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[cryoglobulinemia]]
| '''Environmental'''
** [[Cancer|malignancy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
** [[Complex regional pain syndrome|reflex sympathetic dystrophy]]
|-
** [[Acromegaly]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** After blunt [[trauma]]s
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
** After surgery
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
** [[Arsenic]]
|-
** [[Arterenol]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Arteriosclerosis Obliterans]]
| '''Genetic'''
** [[Arteriovenous Fistula]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fabry disease]]
** Arthrosis of cervical spine
|-
** [[Axillary vein]] [[thrombosis]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Carpal tunnel syndrome]]
| '''Hematologic'''
** [[Cervical rib]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cold agglutinins]], [[Cryoglobulinemia]], [[Mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia]], [[Leukemia]], [[Myeloma]], [[Polycythaemia rubra vera]], [[Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia]], [[Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria]]
** [[Cirrhosis]]
|-
** [[Cold agglutinins]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Costoclavicular Syndrome]]
| '''Iatrogenic'''
** [[Clonidine]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
** [[Cryoglobulinemia]]
|-
** [[Cytotoxic drug]]s
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Dermatomtositis]]
| '''Infectious Disease'''
** [[Dysproteinemia]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hepatitis B antigenemia]], [[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[Poliomyelitis]]
** [[Ergotamine]]
|-
** [[Heavy metals]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Hemiplegia]]
| '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
** [[Hormonal contraceptives]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Carpal tunnel syndrome]], [[Cervical rib]], [[Scalenus-anticus syndrome]], [[Scoliosis]], [[Thoracic outlet syndrome]],[[Dermatomyositis]], [[Polymyositis]], [[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
** [[Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome]]
|-
** [[Lead]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Leukemia]]
| '''Neurologic'''
** [[Lupus Erythematosus]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Intervertebral disc herniation]], [[Peripheral neuropathy]], [[Poliomyelitis]], [[Reflex sympathetic dystrophy]], [[Syringomyelia]], [[Transverse myelitis]], [[Spinal tumor]], [[Multiple sclerosis]]
** [[Mixed connective tissue disorders]]
|-
** [[Multiple Sclerosis]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Neoplasm]]
| '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
** [[Peripheral Neuropathy]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Fabry disease]]
** [[Peripheral emboli]]
|-
** [[Poiliomyelitis]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Polyarteritis Nosdosa]]
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
** [[Polycythemia Vera]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
** [[reflex sympathetic dystrophy|Post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy]]
|-
** [[Propranolol]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
| '''Oncologic'''
** [[Scalenus-anticus Syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Atrial myxoma]], [[Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma]], [[Leukemia]], [[Malignancy leading to paraneoplatic raynaud phenomenon]], [[Myeloma]], [[Phaeochromocytoma]], [[Polycythaemia rubra vera]], [[Spinal tumor]], [[Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia]]
** [[Scleroderma]]
|-
** [[Scoliosis]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Sjorgen's Syndrome]]
| '''Opthalmologic'''
** [[Spinal tumor]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
** [[Sulfasalazine]]
|-
** [[Syringomyelia]]
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Thallium]]
| '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
** [[Thromboangitis obliterans]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
** [[Thoracic outlet syndrome]]
|-
** Vibrations
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
** [[Wegener's Granulomatosis]]
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anorexia nervosa]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amyloidosis]], [[Antisynthetase syndrome]], [[Calcinosis-Raynaud-sclerodactyly-telangiectasia syndrome]], [[Dermatomyositis]], [[Mixed connective tissue disease]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria]], [[Polyarteritis nodosa]], [[Polymyositis]], [[Rheumatoid Arthritis]], [[Rheumatoid disease]], [[Scleroderma]], [[Sicca syndrome]], [[Sjogen's Syndrome]], [[Systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[Systemic sclerosis]], [[Takayasu arteritis]], [[Temporal arteritis]], [[Thromboangitis obliterans]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis ]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hand arm vibration syndrome]], [[Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome]]
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Erythromelalgia]], [[Exposure to the cold]], [[Frost bite]], [[Raynaud disease]], [[Smoking]], [[Amyloidosis]]
|-
|}
 
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{MultiCol}}
*[[Acromegaly]]
*[[Amphetamines]]
*[[Amyloidosis]]
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
*[[Antisynthetase syndrome]]
*[[Arsenic trioxide]]
*[[Arsenicals]]
*[[Arteriosclerosis obliterans]]
*[[Arteriovenous fistula]]
*[[Atenolol]]
*[[Atherosclerosis]]
*[[Atrial myxoma]]
*[[Beta-blockers]]
*[[Bleomycin]]
*[[Bromocriptine]]
*[[Cabergoline]]
*[[Calcinosis-Raynaud-sclerodactyly-telangiectasia syndrome]]
*[[Carpal tunnel syndrome]]
*[[Cervical rib]]
*[[Clonidine]]
*[[Cold agglutinins]]
*[[Cryoglobulinemia]]
*[[Cyclosporin]]
*[[Cytotoxic drugs]]
*[[Dermatomyositis]]
*[[Embolism]]
*[[Ergometrine]]
*[[Ergotamine]]
*[[Erythromelalgia]]
*[[Exposure to the cold]]
*[[Fabry disease]]
*[[Frost bite]]
*[[Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma]]
*[[Hand arm vibration syndrome]]
*[[Hepatitis B antigenemia]]
*[[Hormonal contraceptives]]
*[[Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome]]
*[[Hypothyroidism]]
*[[Imipramine]]
*[[Intervertebral disc herniation]]
*[[Lead]]
*[[Leukemia]]
*[[Lysuride]]
*[[Malignancy leading to paraneoplatic raynaud phenomenon]]
*[[Melarsoprol]]
*[[Methysergide]]
*[[Mixed connective tissue disease]]
{{ColBreak}}
*[[Mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia]]
*[[Multiple sclerosis]]
*[[Mycoplasma pneumoniae]]
*[[Myeloma]]
*[[Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Peripheral emboli]]
*[[Peripheral neuropathy]]
*[[Peripheral vascular disease]]
*[[Phaeochromocytoma]]
*[[Piribedil]]
*[[Poliomyelitis]]
*[[Polyarteritis nodosa]]
*[[Polycythaemia rubra vera]]
*[[Polymyositis]]
*[[Polyvinyl chloride]]
*[[Propranolol]]
*[[Pseudoephedrine]]
*[[Raynaud disease]]
*[[Reflex sympathetic dystrophy]]
*[[Rheumatoid Arthritis]]
*[[Rheumatoid disease]]
*[[Ropinirole]]
*[[Scalenus-anticus syndrome]]
*[[Scleroderma]]
*[[Scoliosis]]
*[[Sicca syndrome]]
*[[Sjogen's Syndrome]]
*[[Smoking]]
*[[Spinal tumor]]
*[[Subclavian aneurysms]]
*[[Sulfasalazine ]]
*[[Syringomyelia]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Systemic sclerosis]]
*[[Takayasu arteritis]]
*[[Temporal arteritis]]
*[[Thallium]]
*[[Thoracic outlet syndrome]]
*[[Thromboangitis obliterans]]
*[[Transverse myelitis]]
*[[Vinblastine]]
*[[Vinyl chloride]]
*[[Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia]]
*[[Wegener's granulomatosis ]]
{{EndMultiCol}}


It is important to realise that Raynaud's can ''herald'' these diseases by periods of more than 20 years in some cases, making it effectively their first presenting symptom. This can be the case in the [[CREST syndrome]], of which Raynaud's is a part.
It is important to realise that Raynaud's can ''herald'' these diseases by periods of more than 20 years in some cases, making it effectively their first presenting symptom. This can be the case in the [[CREST syndrome]], of which Raynaud's is a part.
== References ==
== References ==


{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Rheumatology]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
[[Category:Syndromes]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]]


Latest revision as of 21:16, 11 November 2014

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Editors-In-Chief: Asghar Fakhri, M.D., Duane S. Pinto, M.D. and C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.

Overview

Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Arteriosclerosis obliterans, Arteriovenous fistula, Atherosclerosis, Embolism, Peripheral emboli, Peripheral vascular disease, Subclavian aneurysms, Atrial myxoma, Polyarteritis nodosa, Takayasu arteritis, Temporal arteritis, Thromboangitis obliterans, Wegener's granulomatosis
Chemical / poisoning Arsenicals, Lead, Polyvinyl chloride, Thallium, Vinyl chloride
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Amphetamines, Arsenic trioxide, Atenolol, Beta-blockers, Bleomycin, Bromocriptine, Cabergoline, Clonidine, Cyclosporin, Cytotoxic drugs, Ergometrine, Ergotamine, Hormonal contraceptives, Imipramine, Lysuride, Melarsoprol, Methylphenidate, Methysergide, Pergolide, Piribedil, Pramipexole, Propranolol, Pseudoephedrine, Ropinirole, Sulfasalazine , Vinblastine
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Acromegaly, Hypothyroidism, Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic No underlying causes
Genetic Fabry disease
Hematologic Cold agglutinins, Cryoglobulinemia, Mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia, Leukemia, Myeloma, Polycythaemia rubra vera, Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia, Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Hepatitis B antigenemia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Poliomyelitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Carpal tunnel syndrome, Cervical rib, Scalenus-anticus syndrome, Scoliosis, Thoracic outlet syndrome,Dermatomyositis, Polymyositis, Rheumatoid arthritis
Neurologic Intervertebral disc herniation, Peripheral neuropathy, Poliomyelitis, Reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Syringomyelia, Transverse myelitis, Spinal tumor, Multiple sclerosis
Nutritional / Metabolic Fabry disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Atrial myxoma, Growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma, Leukemia, Malignancy leading to paraneoplatic raynaud phenomenon, Myeloma, Phaeochromocytoma, Polycythaemia rubra vera, Spinal tumor, Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia
Opthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Amyloidosis, Antisynthetase syndrome, Calcinosis-Raynaud-sclerodactyly-telangiectasia syndrome, Dermatomyositis, Mixed connective tissue disease, Multiple sclerosis, Paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria, Polyarteritis nodosa, Polymyositis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid disease, Scleroderma, Sicca syndrome, Sjogen's Syndrome, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Systemic sclerosis, Takayasu arteritis, Temporal arteritis, Thromboangitis obliterans, Wegener's granulomatosis
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma Hand arm vibration syndrome, Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Erythromelalgia, Exposure to the cold, Frost bite, Raynaud disease, Smoking, Amyloidosis

Causes in Alphabetical Order


It is important to realise that Raynaud's can herald these diseases by periods of more than 20 years in some cases, making it effectively their first presenting symptom. This can be the case in the CREST syndrome, of which Raynaud's is a part.

References


Template:WikiDoc Sources

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