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{{Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis}}
{{Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis}}
{{CMG}}  
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{JSS}}
==Overview==
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis can be caused by multiple factors.These include life threatening conditions such as sepsis and other pre existing renal diseases.Infections, drugs and some types of cancer also cause RPGN.


==Overview==  
==Causes==
===Life-threatening Causes===
*[[Endocarditis|Infective endocarditis]]
*[[Sepsis]]


==Causes==  
===Common Causes===
===Primary RPGN===
Common causes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis may include<ref name="pmid9218836">{{cite journal| author=Huang XR, Tipping PG, Apostolopoulos J, Oettinger C, D'Souza M, Milton G et al.| title=Mechanisms of T cell-induced glomerular injury in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis in rats. | journal=Clin Exp Immunol | year= 1997 | volume= 109 | issue= 1 | pages= 134-42 | pmid=9218836 | doi= | pmc=1904710 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9218836  }} </ref><ref name="pmid26688808">{{cite journal| author=Syed R, Rehman A, Valecha G, El-Sayegh S| title=Pauci-Immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis: An ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. | journal=Biomed Res Int | year= 2015 | volume= 2015 | issue=  | pages= 402826 | pmid=26688808 | doi=10.1155/2015/402826 | pmc=4673333 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26688808  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20616173">{{cite journal| author=Berden AE, Ferrario F, Hagen EC, Jayne DR, Jennette JC, Joh K et al.| title=Histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2010 | volume= 21 | issue= 10 | pages= 1628-36 | pmid=20616173 | doi=10.1681/ASN.2010050477 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20616173  }} </ref>
RPGN may be a primary condition. The diagnosis of primary glomerulonephritis is made when the clinical syndrome of the disease complies with the new classification of RPGN based on the 5 types of disease.
*[[Goodpasture syndrome]]<ref name="pmid3287904">{{cite journal| author=Couser WG| title=Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: classification, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapy. | journal=Am J Kidney Dis | year= 1988 | volume= 11 | issue= 6 | pages= 449-64 | pmid=3287904 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3287904  }} </ref>
Nonetheless, ruling out other causes of RPGN is necessary before the diagnosis of primary RPGN is made.
* [[Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis]]<ref name="pmid7205449">{{cite journal| author=Roy S, Murphy WM, Arant BS| title=Poststreptococcal crescenteric glomerulonephritis in children: comparison of quintuple therapy versus supportive care. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1981 | volume= 98 | issue= 3 | pages= 403-10 | pmid=7205449 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7205449  }} </ref>
* [[Lupus nephritis]]
* [[Henoch-Schönlein purpura|Henoch-Schönlein purpural]])
* [[IgA nephropathy|Immunoglobulin A nephropathy]]
* Mixed [[cryoglobulinemia]]
* [[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]]
* [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (Wegener granulomatosis)><ref name="pmid15960143">{{cite journal| author=Yang G, Tang Z, Chen Y, Zeng C, Chen H, Liu Z et al.| title=Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in Chinese patients with anti-GBM crescentic glomerulonephritis. | journal=Clin Nephrol | year= 2005 | volume= 63 | issue= 6 | pages= 423-8 | pmid=15960143 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15960143  }} </ref>.
* [[Microscopic polyangiitis]] (MPA)<ref name="pmid8909258">{{cite journal| author=Heeringa P, Brouwer E, Klok PA, Huitema MG, van den Born J, Weening JJ et al.| title=Autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase aggravate mild anti-glomerular-basement-membrane-mediated glomerular injury in the rat. | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 1996 | volume= 149 | issue= 5 | pages= 1695-706 | pmid=8909258 | doi= | pmc=1865281 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8909258  }} </ref>


The cause of ANCA levels in patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis is not known. Environmental and genetic factors have been postulated. It is believed that infectious etiologies, such as arboviruses, may be contributory. These findings are based only on observations and small studies that patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis are more commonly diagnosed during “flu season”, flu-like prodrome is usually the most common presenting symptoms of these patients, and presence of serological proof of previous arbovirus infection. Further disease progression in ANCA-associated diseases into clinical syndromes of polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener granulomatosis has been postulated to be caused by activation of autoantibody-induced leukocytes.<ref name="pmid2221646">{{cite journal| author=Falk RJ, Hogan S, Carey TS, Jennette JC| title=Clinical course of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated glomerulonephritis and systemic vasculitis. The Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network. | journal=Ann Intern Med | year= 1990 | volume= 113 | issue= 9 | pages= 656-63 | pmid=2221646 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2221646 }} </ref> However, no consistent validation of such claims has been made.
* Renal-limited necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN)
* [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis|Eosinophilic granulomatosis]] with polyangiitis (EGPA; Churg-Strauss syndrome


===Secondary RPGN===
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis include:
*[[Cryoglobulinemia]]
*Systemic necrotizng vasculitis
*[[Colorectal cancer|Colon cancer]]
*[[Lung cancer]]
*[[Lymphoma]]
*[[Allopurinol]]
*[[Hydralazine]]
*[[Rifampin]]
*[[Behçet's disease|Behcet's disease]]
*Renal-limited necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN)


====Infections====
===Genetic Causes===
*Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is more common in people who have HLA DP1, DQ and DRB4s.


*Infective endocarditis
===Causes by Organ System===


*Sepsis
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | [[Infective endocarditis]]
|-
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Hydralazine]],[[Allopurinol]],[[Rifampin]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Colon cancer]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | HLA DP1, HLA DQ, HLA DRB4s
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Lymphoma]], [[Henoch-Schönlein purpural)]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Hepatitis B]],[[Hepatitis C]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | Colon cancer, Pulmonary cancer, Lymphoma
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Lung cancer]]
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Postinfectious glomerulonephritis]],[[Lupus nephritis]],[[Immunoglobulin A nephropathy]] ,[[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]], Renal-limited necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN)
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Goodpasture syndrome]], [[SLE]], [[Behcet's disease]], [[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis)]], [[Microscopic polyangiitis]], [[ Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA; Churg-Strauss syndrome)]],


*HBV infection with vasculitis or cryoglobulinemia
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Sepsis]]
|-
|}


*HCV infection with vasculitis or cryoglobulinemia
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
 
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
====Drugs====
<div style="-moz-column-count:7; column-count:3;">
 
*[[Allopurinol]]
*Allopurinol
*[[Behcet's disease]]
 
*[[Colon cancer]]
*D-penicillamine
*[[Cryoglobulinemia]]
 
*[[Diabetic nephropathy]]
*Hydralazine
*[[Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis]] (EGPA; Churg-Strauss syndrome)
 
*[[Goodpasture syndrome]]
*Rifampin
*[[Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis)]]
 
*[[Henoch-Schönlein purpura]]
====Multi-Organ Disease====
*[[Hydralazine]]
 
*[[Immunoglobulin A nephropathy]]
*Systemic lupus erythematosus
*[[Infective endocarditis]]
 
*[[Lung cancer]]
*Henoch-Schonlein purpura
*[[Lupus nephritis]]
 
*[[Lymphoma]]
*Systemic necrotizing vasculitis
*[[Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis]]
 
*[[Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)]]
*Relapsing polychondritis
*Renal-limited necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN)
 
*[[Rifampin]]
*Cryoglobulinemia
*[[Sepsis]]
 
*Systemic necrotizng vasculitis
*Other vasculitides
</div>
 
====Malignancies====
 
*Colon cancer
 
*Pulmonary cancer
 
*Lymphoma
 
====Other Conditions====
 
*Behcet’s disease
 
*Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
 
*IgA nephropathy
 
*Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
 
*Hereditary nephritis
 
==References==


== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


Latest revision as of 19:27, 24 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jogeet Singh Sekhon, M.D. [2]

Overview

Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis can be caused by multiple factors.These include life threatening conditions such as sepsis and other pre existing renal diseases.Infections, drugs and some types of cancer also cause RPGN.

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

Common Causes

Common causes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis may include[1][2][3]

  • Renal-limited necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN)
  • Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA; Churg-Strauss syndrome

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis include:

Genetic Causes

  • Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is more common in people who have HLA DP1, DQ and DRB4s.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Infective endocarditis
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Hydralazine,Allopurinol,Rifampin
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Colon cancer
Genetic HLA DP1, HLA DQ, HLA DRB4s
Hematologic Lymphoma, Henoch-Schönlein purpural)
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Hepatitis B,Hepatitis C
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic Colon cancer, Pulmonary cancer, Lymphoma
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Lung cancer
Renal/Electrolyte Postinfectious glomerulonephritis,Lupus nephritis,Immunoglobulin A nephropathy ,Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, Renal-limited necrotizing crescentic glomerulonephritis (NCGN)
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Goodpasture syndrome, SLE, Behcet's disease, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis), Microscopic polyangiitis, Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA; Churg-Strauss syndrome),
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Sepsis

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:

References

  1. ↑ Huang XR, Tipping PG, Apostolopoulos J, Oettinger C, D'Souza M, Milton G; et al. (1997). "Mechanisms of T cell-induced glomerular injury in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis in rats". Clin Exp Immunol. 109 (1): 134–42. PMC 1904710. PMID 9218836.
  2. ↑ Syed R, Rehman A, Valecha G, El-Sayegh S (2015). "Pauci-Immune Crescentic Glomerulonephritis: An ANCA-Associated Vasculitis". Biomed Res Int. 2015: 402826. doi:10.1155/2015/402826. PMC 4673333. PMID 26688808.
  3. ↑ Berden AE, Ferrario F, Hagen EC, Jayne DR, Jennette JC, Joh K; et al. (2010). "Histopathologic classification of ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis". J Am Soc Nephrol. 21 (10): 1628–36. doi:10.1681/ASN.2010050477. PMID 20616173.
  4. ↑ Couser WG (1988). "Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: classification, pathogenetic mechanisms, and therapy". Am J Kidney Dis. 11 (6): 449–64. PMID 3287904.
  5. ↑ Roy S, Murphy WM, Arant BS (1981). "Poststreptococcal crescenteric glomerulonephritis in children: comparison of quintuple therapy versus supportive care". J Pediatr. 98 (3): 403–10. PMID 7205449.
  6. ↑ Yang G, Tang Z, Chen Y, Zeng C, Chen H, Liu Z; et al. (2005). "Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) in Chinese patients with anti-GBM crescentic glomerulonephritis". Clin Nephrol. 63 (6): 423–8. PMID 15960143.
  7. ↑ Heeringa P, Brouwer E, Klok PA, Huitema MG, van den Born J, Weening JJ; et al. (1996). "Autoantibodies to myeloperoxidase aggravate mild anti-glomerular-basement-membrane-mediated glomerular injury in the rat". Am J Pathol. 149 (5): 1695–706. PMC 1865281. PMID 8909258.

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