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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| *The overview section should include the disease name in the first sentence.
| | :Patients with infantile pyloric stenosis usually appear ill and toxic. physical examination of patients with infantile pyloric stenosis is usually remarkable for palpation of an abdominal mass in epigastrium. |
| *The goal is to summarize the physical examination page in several sentences. This section can be the same as the physical examination segment on the overview page.
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| *To see an example of an overview section on a physical examination page, click [[Gastric cancer physical examination|here]].
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| ===Template===
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| *'''First Sentences:'''
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| :Patients with infantile pyloric stenosis usually appear ill and toxic. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. | |
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| ==Infantile pyloric stenosis physical examination== | | ==Infantile pyloric stenosis physical examination== |
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| {{WH}} | | {{WH}} |
| {{WS}} | | {{WS}} |
| ==Introduction to the Physical Examination Page==
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| *The page name should be '''"(Disease name) physical examination"''', with only the first letter of the title capitalized.
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| *'''Goal:'''To describe in detail the various aspects of the physical examination with attention to how the disease you are describing may present.
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| *Remember this section is to describe what characteristics may be found on physical examination, not how to do a physical exam (unless you are including specialized signs, eg Chvostek's sign, in which case you may give a brief description).
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| *You may describe a physical exam finding that is commonly present in a disease without adding additional information (e.g. appendicitis physical exam - RLQ abdominal tenderness). In some cases, some unique findings are suggestive of specific aspects / complications of the disease. If present, it is preferable that you mention what these unique findings suggest or when they may be present (e.g. appendicitis physical exam - rebound tenderness may be suggestive of peritonitis).
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| *As with all microchapter pages linking to the main page, at the top of the edit box put <nowiki>{{CMG}}</nowiki>, your name template, and the microchapter navigation template you created at the beginning.
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| *Remember to create links within Wikidoc by placing <nowiki>[[square brackets]]</nowiki> around key words which you want to link to other pages. Make sure you makes your links as specific as possible. For example if a sentence contained the phrase anterior spinal artery syndrome, the link should be to [[anterior spinal artery syndrome]] not [[anterior]] or [[artery]] or [[syndrome]]. For more information on how to create links click [[Help|here]].
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| *Remember to follow the same format and capitalization of letters as outlined in the template below.
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| *Below you will see examples of what you may describe as part of the physical examination.
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| ==Overview==
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| *The overview section should include the disease name in the first sentence.
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| *The goal is to summarize the physical examination page in several sentences. This section can be the same as the physical examination segment on the overview page.
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| *To see an example of an overview section on a physical examination page, click [[Gastric cancer physical examination|here]].
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| ===Template===
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| *'''First Sentences:'''
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| :Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| :OR
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| :Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| :OR
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| :The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
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| :OR
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| :The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
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| *'''Examples:'''
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| :Example 1: Patients with shigellosis usually appear lethargic. Physical examination of patients with shigellosis is usually remarkable for high-grade [[fever]] and signs of dehydration, such as [[tachycardia]], [[tachypnea]], [[hypotension]], and dry mucus membranes.
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| :Example 2: Common physical examination findings of cholecystitis include right upper abdominal tenderness and a positive Murphy sign.
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| :Example 3: The presence of both upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron involvement on physical examination is diagnostic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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| :Example 4: The presence of facial tenderness and fever on physical examination is highly suggestive of acute sinusitis.
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| ==Preferred Template Statements==
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| *Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination of patients with [disease name] is usually remarkable for [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| *Common physical examination findings of [disease name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
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| *The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is diagnostic of [disease name].
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| *The presence of [finding(s)] on physical examination is highly suggestive of [disease name].
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| ==Physical Examination==
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| ===Appearance of the Patient===
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| *This section should give a general description of what a patient with the disease you are describing may look like.
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| *If patients typically appear normal, you may write: Patients are usually well-appearing.
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| *You may include a physical description such as obese, thin, cachectic, ill appearing, diaphoretic etc. Mention in which cases these findings are present (e.g. well-appearing in early stages of cancer, cachectic in late stage cancer)
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| *For an example of the appearance of a patient section in the physical examination page, click [[Stomach cancer physical examination|here]].
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| ===Vital Signs===
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| <sup>Note: Vital signs traditionally include the temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate. The vital signs may also include oxygen saturation (at room air) and blood glycemia.</sup>
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| *High-grade / low-grade fever
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| *[[Hypothermia]] / hyperthermia may be present
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| *[[Tachycardia]] with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
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| *[[Bradycardia]] with regular pulse or (ir)regularly irregular pulse
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| *Tachypnea / bradypnea
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| *Kussmal respirations may be present in _____ (advanced disease state)
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| *Weak/bounding pulse / pulsus alternans / paradoxical pulse / asymmetric pulse
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| *High/low blood pressure with normal pulse pressure / [[wide pulse pressure]] / [[narrow pulse pressure]]
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| ===Skin===
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| *[[Cyanosis]]
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| *[[Jaundice]]
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| *[[Pallor]]
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| *Bruises
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| Note: To describe a rash, always report additional details that include the color (e.g. erythematous), shape (e.g. flat / bullous), dermarcation (e.g. well-circumscribed / diffuse), location (e.g. truncal / on the face / on the extremities), enclosing fluid (e.g. vesicular / filled with pus, clear), and if possible smell (e.g. foul-smelling / odorless)<gallery widths="150px">
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| UploadedImage-01.jpg | Description {{dermref}}
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| UploadedImage-02.jpg | Description {{dermref}}
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| </gallery>
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| ===HEENT===
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| *Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
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| *Evidence of trauma
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| *Icteric sclera
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| *[[Nystagmus]]
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| *Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
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| *Pupils non-reactive to light / non-reactive to accomodation / non-reactive to neither light nor accomodation
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| *Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___
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| *Hearing acuity may be reduced
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| *[[Weber test]] may be abnormal (Note: A positive Weber test is considered a normal finding / A negative Weber test is considered an abnormal finding. To avoid confusion, you may write "abnormal Weber test".)
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| *[[Rinne test]] may be positive (Note: A positive Rinne test is considered a normal finding / A negative Rinne test is considered an abnormal finding. To avoid confusion, you may write "abnormal Rinne test".)
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| *[[Exudate]] from the ear canal
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| *Tenderness upon palpation of the ear pinnae / tragus (anterior to ear canal)
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| *Inflamed nares / congested nares
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| *[[Purulent]] exudate from the nares
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| *Facial tenderness
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| *Erythematous throat with/without tonsillar swelling, exudates, and/or petechiae
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| ===Neck===
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| *[[Jugular venous distension]]
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| *[[Carotid bruits]] may be auscultated unilaterally/bilaterally using the bell/diaphragm of the otoscope
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| *[[Lymphadenopathy]] (describe location, size, tenderness, mobility, and symmetry)
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| *[[Thyromegaly]] / thyroid nodules
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| *[[Hepatojugular reflux]]
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| ===Lungs===
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| *Asymmetric chest expansion / Decreased chest expansion
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| *Lungs are hypo/hyperresonant
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| *Fine/coarse [[crackles]] upon auscultation of the lung bases/apices unilaterally/bilaterally
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| *Rhonchi
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| *Vesicular breath sounds / Distant breath sounds
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| *Expiratory/inspiratory wheezing with normal / delayed expiratory phase
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| *[[Wheezing]] may be present
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| *[[Egophony]] present/absent
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| *[[Bronchophony]] present/absent
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| *Normal/reduced [[tactile fremitus]]
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| ===Heart===
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| *Chest tenderness upon palpation
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| *PMI within 2 cm of the sternum (PMI) / Displaced point of maximal impulse (PMI) suggestive of ____
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| *[[Heave]] / [[thrill]]
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| *[[Friction rub]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#First heart tone S1, the "lub"(components M1 and T1)|S1]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#Second heart tone S2 the "dub"(components A2 and P2)|S2]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#Third heart sound S3|S3]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#Fourth heart sound S4|S4]]
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| *[[Heart sounds#Summation Gallop|Gallops]]
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| *A high/low grade early/late [[systolic murmur]] / [[diastolic murmur]] best heard at the base/apex/(specific valve region) may be heard using the bell/diaphgram of the otoscope
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| ===Abdomen===
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| *[[Abdominal distention]]
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| *[[Abdominal tenderness]] in the right/left upper/lower abdominal quadrant
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| *[[Rebound tenderness]] (positive Blumberg sign)
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| *A palpable abdominal mass in the right/left upper/lower abdominal quadrant
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| *Guarding may be present
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| *[[Hepatomegaly]] / [[splenomegaly]] / [[hepatosplenomegaly]]
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| *Additional findings, such as obturator test, psoas test, McBurney point test, Murphy test
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| ===Back===
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| *Point tenderness over __ vertebrae (e.g. L3-L4)
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| *Sacral edema
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| *Costovertebral angle tenderness bilaterally/unilaterally (may also be referred to as Murphy's punch sign, which is different from Murphy's sign that suggests cholecystitis. To avoid confusion, write "costovertebral angle tenderness")
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| *Buffalo hump
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| ===Genitourinary===
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| *A pelvic/adnexal mass may be palpated
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| *Inflamed mucosa
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| *Clear/(color), foul-smelling/odorless penile/vaginal discharge
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| <sup>Write additional pathognomonic findings, such as discharge that resembles cottage cheese for ''C. albicans'' vulvovaginitis / fish-odor for ''T. vaginalis'' ifnection</sup>
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| ===Extremities===
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| *[[Clubbing]]
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| *[[Cyanosis]]
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| *Pitting/non-pitting [[edema]] of the upper/lower extremities
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| *Muscle atrophy
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| *Fasciculations in the upper/lower extremity
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| ===Neuromuscular===
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| *Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time
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| *Altered mental status
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| *Glasgow coma scale is ___ / 15
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| *Clonus may be present
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| *Hyperreflexia / hyporeflexia / areflexia
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| *Positive (abnormal) Babinski / plantar reflex unilaterally/bilaterally
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| *Muscle rigidity
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| *Proximal/distal muscle weakness unilaterally/bilaterally
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| *____ (finding) suggestive of cranial nerve ___ (roman numerical) deficit (e.g. Dilated pupils suggestive of CN III deficit)
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| *Unilateral/bilateral upper/lower extremity weakness
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| *Unilateral/bilateral sensory loss in the upper/lower extremity
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| *Positive straight leg raise test
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| *Abnormal gait (describe gait: e.g. ataxic (cerebellar) gait / steppage gait / waddling gait / choeiform gait / Parkinsonian gait / sensory gait)
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| *Positive/negative Trendelenburg sign
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| *Unilateral/bilateral tremor (describe tremor, e.g. at rest, pill-rolling)
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| *Normal finger-to-nose test / Dysmetria
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| *Absent/present dysdiadochokinesia (palm tapping test)
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| ==References==
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| *References should be cited for the material that you have put on your page. Type in <nowiki>{{reflist|2}}</nowiki>.This will generate your references in small font, in two columns, with links to the original article and abstract. | | *References should be cited for the material that you have put on your page. Type in <nowiki>{{reflist|2}}</nowiki>.This will generate your references in small font, in two columns, with links to the original article and abstract. |
| *For information on how to add references into your page, click [[References|here]].{{reflist|2}} | | *For information on how to add references into your page, click [[References|here]].{{reflist|2}} |