Patent foramen ovale and decompression sickness: Difference between revisions
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{{Patent foramen ovale}} | {{Patent foramen ovale}} | ||
{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto: | {{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-In-Chief:''' [[Priyamvada Singh|Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S.]] [mailto:psingh13579@gmail.com] | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Decompression illness]] is associated with a 5 to 13 fold increased incidence of a patent foramen ovale. The risk increases with an increase in defect size. Device closure can be considered in divers with unexplained [[decompression illness]], especially those who wish to continue diving <ref name="pmid15191771">{{cite journal| author=Torti SR, Billinger M, Schwerzmann M, Vogel R, Zbinden R, Windecker S et al.| title=Risk of decompression illness among 230 divers in relation to the presence and size of patent foramen ovale. | journal=Eur Heart J | year= 2004 | volume= 25 | issue= 12 | pages= 1014-20 | pmid=15191771 | doi=10.1016/j.ehj.2004.04.028 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15191771 }} </ref>. The number of [[Stroke|ischemic brain lesions]] were twice as common among patients with a patent foramen ovale than in those without it. | |||
[[Decompression illness]] | |||
== | ==Patent Foramen Ovale and Decompression Sickness== | ||
[[Decompression illness]] can occur in divers as they ascend from deeper waters to the surface. The change in pressure (from high to low) causes gas bubbles to form in the bloodstream. The gas bubbles come from inert gases like [[nitrogen]]. These gases are present in the different parts of the body like [[joint]]s, [[spine]] and [[skin]] pores. If nitrogen is forced to come out of solution too quickly, bubbles form in parts of the body causing the signs and symptoms of the [[bends]]. Signs and symptoms of the bends include [[itching]] skin and the development of [[rashes]], [[joint pain]], sensory system failure, [[paralysis]], and [[death]]. These gas bubbles can enter the [[venous]] system and can enter the systemic circulation via inter-atrial communications such as a patent foramen ovale or an [[atrial septal defect]]. This [[paradoxical embolism]] or right-to left shunt can in turn be associated with complications such as ischemic brain injury ([[TIA]] or [[stroke]]). | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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[[Category:Cardiology]] | [[Category:Cardiology]] | ||
[[Category:Congenital heart disease]] | [[Category:Congenital heart disease]] | ||
[[Category:Pediatrics]] | [[Category:Pediatrics]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Embryology]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up-To-Date cardiology]] | ||
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Latest revision as of 23:42, 20 January 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]
Overview
Decompression illness is associated with a 5 to 13 fold increased incidence of a patent foramen ovale. The risk increases with an increase in defect size. Device closure can be considered in divers with unexplained decompression illness, especially those who wish to continue diving [1]. The number of ischemic brain lesions were twice as common among patients with a patent foramen ovale than in those without it.
Patent Foramen Ovale and Decompression Sickness
Decompression illness can occur in divers as they ascend from deeper waters to the surface. The change in pressure (from high to low) causes gas bubbles to form in the bloodstream. The gas bubbles come from inert gases like nitrogen. These gases are present in the different parts of the body like joints, spine and skin pores. If nitrogen is forced to come out of solution too quickly, bubbles form in parts of the body causing the signs and symptoms of the bends. Signs and symptoms of the bends include itching skin and the development of rashes, joint pain, sensory system failure, paralysis, and death. These gas bubbles can enter the venous system and can enter the systemic circulation via inter-atrial communications such as a patent foramen ovale or an atrial septal defect. This paradoxical embolism or right-to left shunt can in turn be associated with complications such as ischemic brain injury (TIA or stroke).
References
- ↑ Torti SR, Billinger M, Schwerzmann M, Vogel R, Zbinden R, Windecker S; et al. (2004). "Risk of decompression illness among 230 divers in relation to the presence and size of patent foramen ovale". Eur Heart J. 25 (12): 1014–20. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.04.028. PMID 15191771.