Osteoporosis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2], Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S.[3] Farman Khan, MD, MRCP [4]
Overview
Osteoporosis is a major health problem involving 43.9% (43.4 million) of male and female population in the United States. The disease rate increased as people's age raised. The most prevalent age group of patients is 80 years and older. White females and African-American males have the highest frequency among the other races.
Prevalence
- Upon the major epidemiological studies occurred in US, it is estimated that 10.3% (10.2 million) of more than 50 years old people in US are involved in Osteoporosis; which is based upon femoral neck BMDs only . However, based on BMD in either bone sites, it seems that 43.9% (43.4 million) of Americans have the disease.[1]
- In developed countries, the average prevalence of osteoporosis is 3871 per 100,000 patients. While osteoporosis occurs in people from all ethnic groups, European or Asian ancestry predisposes an individual to osteoporosis.[2]
Age
- The prevalence of osteoporosis is increased with age in both genders. The highest rate of osteoporosis is found among people of 80 years and older, in both men and women; 35% of women and also 11% of men.[1]
Gender
- Females are more prone to develop osteoporosis than men. Lifetime risk of fractures is three times more in women than in men, but men are associated with higher mortality rates than that of women. Through the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), large population was studied; finally, concluded that 20% of white post-menopausal women, 10% of Hispanic women, and just 5% of African-American women involved in osteoporosis (i.e., T-score of less than -2.5). Taking the cutoff point used for women into account for men, the prevalence of osteoporosis become 4%, 2%, and 3% in white, Hispanic, and African-American men, respectively.[3]
- Meanwhile, the number of men who experience such low bone mass that would encounter them to greatest risk of fracture, are more lower than women. In fact, the percentage of men and women, who have bone marrow density (BMD) of lower than -2.5 SD below the mean for 20-29 years old women, are 4% and 20%, respectively.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Wright NC, Looker AC, Saag KG, Curtis JR, Delzell ES, Randall S; et al. (2014). "The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine". J Bone Miner Res. 29 (11): 2520–6. doi:10.1002/jbmr.2269. PMC 4757905. PMID 24771492.
- ↑ Melton LJ (2003). "Epidemiology worldwide". Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 32 (1): 1–13, v. PMID 12699289.
- ↑ Looker AC, Orwoll ES, Johnston CC, Lindsay RL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP (1997). "Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older U.S. adults from NHANES III". J. Bone Miner. Res. 12 (11): 1761–8. doi:10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.11.1761. PMID 9383679.
- ↑ Melton LJ, Orwoll ES, Wasnich RD (2001). "Does bone density predict fractures comparably in men and women?". Osteoporos Int. 12 (9): 707–9. PMID 11605734.