Oral cancer physical examination: Difference between revisions

	Oral cancer Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Oral cancer from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
X Ray
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Oral cancer physical examination On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Oral cancer physical examination All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Oral cancer physical examination
CDC on Oral cancer physical examination
Oral cancer physical examination in the news
Blogs on Oral cancer physical examination
Directions to Hospitals Treating Oral cancer
Risk calculators and risk factors for Oral cancer physical examination

VisualWikitext

Latest revision as of 12:51, 11 April 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sargun Singh Walia M.B.B.S.[2]; Grammar Reviewer: Natalie Harpenau, B.S.[3]

Overview

Common physical examination findings of oral cancer include a lump or thickening in the soft tissues of the oral cavity, soreness, difficulty chewing or swallowing, ear pain, difficulty moving the jaw or tongue, hoarseness, numbness of the tongue, or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly.

Physical Examination

A thorough head and neck examination should be a routine part of each patient's dental visit and general medical examination.

Appearance of the patient

The patient may appear ill and cachexic.

HEENT

Dental practitioners and dental care professionals should examine the teeth and entire oral mucosa.
Most common involved sites in the oral cavity include:
- Tongue
- Lateral and ventrolateral aspects of mouth
- Floor of mouth
Lesions such as ulcers, red or white patches may be visible.
Any ulcer with a duration that persists for more than 3 weeks then it should be biopsied.^[1]

Ear pain may be present.

Soreness of the throat may be present.

Difficulty in moving tongue may be present.
Numbness of the tongue may be present.
Swelling of the jaw may be present.

References

↑ Scully C (2013). "Rule for cancer diagnosis". Br Dent J. 215 (6): 265–6. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.884. PMID 24072273.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid24072273-1] Scully C (2013). "Rule for cancer diagnosis". Br Dent J. 215 (6): 265–6. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.884. PMID 24072273.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Oral cancer}}
-{{CMG}}{{AE}}{{Simrat}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SSW}}; {{GRR}} {{Nat}}
 ==Overview==
-Common physical examination findings of oral cancer include a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues, soreness, difficulty chewing or swallowing, ear pain, difficulty moving the jaw or tongue, hoarseness, numbness of the tongue or swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly.
+Common [[physical examination]] findings of oral cancer include a lump or thickening in the [[Soft tissue|soft tissues]] of the [[oral cavity]], soreness, difficulty chewing or [[swallowing]], ear [[pain]], difficulty moving the [[jaw]] or [[tongue]], [[hoarseness]], [[numbness]] of the [[tongue]], or [[swelling]] of the [[jaw]] that causes dentures to fit poorly.
 ==Physical Examination==
-Possible signs of oral cancer include:<ref>{{Cite web | title = NIH Oral cancer Physical Examination| url =http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/oralhealth/Topics/OralCancer/DetectingOralCancer.htm }}</ref>
+* A thorough [[Head and neck anatomy|head and neck]] examination should be a routine part of each patient's dental visit and general medical examination.
-*a lump or thickening in the oral soft tissues,
-*soreness
+===Appearance of the patient===
-*difficulty chewing or swallowing
+* The patient may appear ill and [[cachexic]].
-*ear pain
-*difficulty moving the jaw or tongue
+=== HEENT ===
-*hoarseness
+* Dental practitioners and dental care professionals should examine the teeth and entire [[oral mucosa]].
-*numbness of the tongue or other areas of the mouth,
+* Most common involved sites in the [[oral cavity]] include:
-*swelling of the jaw that causes dentures to fit poorly or become uncomfortable
+** [[Tongue]]
-===Appearance of the Patient===
+** Lateral and ventrolateral aspects of mouth
-The general appearance of the patient is ill appearing, cachectic.
+** Floor of mouth
-===Oral Cavity Examination===
+* Lesions such as [[ulcers]], red or white patches may be visible.
-The examination is conducted with the patient seated. Any intraoral prostheses are removed before starting. The extraoral and perioral tissues are examined first, followed by the intraoral tissues.A thorough head and neck examination should be a routine part of each patient's dental visit and general medical examination.
+* Any [[ulcer]] with a duration that persists for more than 3 weeks then it should be [[Biopsy|biopsied]].<ref name="pmid24072273">{{cite journal |vauthors=Scully C |title=Rule for cancer diagnosis |journal=Br Dent J |volume=215 |issue=6 |pages=265–6 |year=2013 |pmid=24072273 |doi=10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.884 |url=}}</ref>
-This exam is abstracted from the standardized oral examination method recommended by the World Health Organization. The method is consistent with those followed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Health. It requires adequate lighting, a dental mouth mirror, two 2" x 2" gauze squares, and gloves; it should take no longer than 5 minutes
-*The Extraoral Examination
+*Ear [[pain]] may be present.
-FACE: The extraoral assessment includes inspection of the face, head, and neck. The face, ears, and neck are observed, noting any asymmetry or changes on the skin such as crusts, fissuring, growths, and/or color change. The regional lymph node areas are bilaterally palpated to detect any enlarged nodes. If enlargement is detected, the examiner should determine the mobility and consistency of the nodes. A recommended order of examination includes the preauricular, submandibular, anterior cervical, posterior auricular, and posterior cervical regions.
-*Perioral and Intraoral Soft Tissue Examination
+*Soreness of the throat may be present.
-The perioral and intraoral examination procedure follows a seven-step systematic assessment of the lips; labial mucosa and sulcus; commissures, buccal mucosa, and sulcus; gingiva and alveolar ridge; tongue; floor of the mouth; and hard and soft palate.
-LIPS:Begin examination by observing the lips with the patient's mouth both closed and open. Note the color, texture and any surface abnormalities of the upper and lower vermilion borders.
+*Difficulty in moving [[tongue]] may be present.
-LABIAL MUCOSA: With the patient's mouth partially open, visually examine the labial mucosa and sulcus of the maxillary vestibule and frenum and the mandibular vestibule. Observe the color, texture, and any swelling or other abnormalities of the vestibular mucosa and gingiva.
+*[[Numbness]] of the [[tongue]] may be present.
-BUCCAL MUCOSA: Retract the buccal mucosa. Examine first the right then the left buccal mucosa extending from the labial commissure and back to the anterior tonsillar pillar. Note any change in pigmentation, color, texture, mobility, and other abnormalities of the mucosa, making sure that the commissures are examined carefully and are not covered by the retractors during the retraction of the cheek.
+*[[Swelling]] of the [[jaw]] may be present.
-GINGIVA: First, examine the buccal and labial aspects of the gingiva and alveolar ridges (processes) by starting with the right maxillary posterior gingiva and alveolar ridge and then move around the arch to the left posterior area. Drop to the left mandibular posterior gingiva and alveolar ridge and move around the arch to the right posterior area. Second, examine the palatal and lingual aspects as had been done on the facial side, from right to left on the palatal (maxilla) and left to right on the lingual (mandible).
-TONGUE: With the patient's tongue at rest, and mouth partially open, inspect the dorsum of the tongue for any swelling, ulceration, coating, or variation in size, color, or texture. Also note any change in the pattern of the papillae covering the surface of the tongue and examine the tip of the tongue. The patient should then protrude the tongue, and the examiner should note any abnormality of mobility or positioning.
-With the aid of mouth mirrors, inspect the right and left lateral margins of the tongue.
-Grasping the tip of the tongue with a piece of gauze will assist full protrusion and will aid examination of the more posterior aspects of the tongue's lateral borders
-Then examine the ventral surface. Palpate the tongue to detect growths.
-FLOOR: With the tongue still elevated, inspect the floor of the mouth for changes in color, texture, swellings, or other surface abnormalities.
-PALATE: With the mouth wide open and the patient's head tilted back, gently depress the base of the tongue with a mouth mirror. First inspect the hard and then the soft palate.Examine all soft palate and oropharyngeal tissues. Bimanually palpate the floor of the mouth for any abnormalities. All mucosal or facial tissues that seem to be abnormal should be palpated.
-===Ears===
-*Ear pain may be present
-===Throat===
-*Soreness of the throat may be present
-===Oral Cavity===
-*Difficulty in moving tongue may be present
-*Numbness of the tongue may be present
-*Swelling of the jaw may be present
 ==References==
@@ Line 50: / Line 35: @@
 [[Category:Disease]]
 [[Category:Mature chapter]]
-[[Category:Needs content]]
 {{WH}}
 {{WS}}
+ [[Category:Up-To-Date]]
+[[Category:Oncology]]
+[[Category:Medicine]]
+[[Category:Otolaryngology]]
+[[Category:Gastroenterology]]
+[[Category:Surgery]]