Oligodendroglioma medical therapy: Difference between revisions

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==Medical Therapy==
==Medical Therapy==
'''Innovative treatment options:'''
'''Innovative treatment options:'''
* Brain tumors can be complex and require a combination of treatments for the best outcome
* [[Brain]] [[tumors]] can be [[Complex (chemistry)|complex]] and require a [[Combination therapy|combination of treatments]] for the [[Best practice|best]] [[outcome]]
* There is quite a wide range of treatments to meet the individual needs of each patient which includes standard therapies, precision medicine and clinical trials
* There is quite a wide [[Range (statistics)|range]] of [[treatments]] to meet the [[Individual growth|individual]] needs of each [[patient]] which includes [[standard]] [[Therapy|therapies]], [[precision]] [[medicine]] and [[clinical trials]]
* Some of them are listed below:
* Some of them are listed below:
** '''Brachytherapy:'''
** '''Brachytherapy:'''
*** Destroys tumors by implanting radioactive medicine directly to or near the treatment site
*** Destroys [[tumors]] by [[Implant|implanting]] [[radioactive]] [[medicine]] [[Directly observed treatment|directly]] to or near the [[Treatments|treatment]] site
** '''Chemotherapy:'''
** '''Chemotherapy:'''
*** Reaches cancer that may have spread, even microscopically, throughout the body
*** [[Reachback|Reaches]] [[cancer]] that may have [[Spreading activation|spread]], even [[Microscopic|microscopically]], throughout the [[Human body|body]]
** '''Craniotomy:'''
** '''Craniotomy:'''
*** Surgical procedure that removes a bone flap, a section of the skull, to access the brain
*** [[Surgical procedure]] that removes a [[bone]] flap, a [[section]] of the [[skull]], to [[Accessibility|access]] the [[brain]]
** '''Intensity-modulated radiation therapy:'''
** '''Intensity-modulated radiation therapy:'''
*** Uses computer technology to deliver radiation treatment that precisely fits the size and shape of the tumor
*** Uses [[Computer-assisted|computer]] technology to [[Delivery|deliver]] [[radiation treatment]] that precisely [[fits]] the [[Size consistency|size]] and [[Shape parameter|shape]] of the [[tumor]]
** '''Minimally invasive cranial base surgery:'''
** '''Minimally invasive cranial base surgery:'''
*** Uses smaller incisions and specially designed instruments to eliminate a tumor while saving the surrounding tissue from damage
*** Uses smaller [[Incision|incisions]] and specially [[Design matrix|designed]] [[Instrumental variable|instruments]] to eliminate a [[tumor]] while saving the surrounding [[tissue]] from damage
** '''Stereotactic radiosurgery & radiotherapy:'''
** '''Stereotactic radiosurgery & radiotherapy:'''
*** A noninvasive procedure that applies large doses of radiation directly to a tumor
*** A [[noninvasive]] [[procedure]] that applies [[Large-print|large]] [[doses]] of [[radiation]] [[Directly observed treatment|directly]] to a [[tumor]]
The medical therapy of oligodendroglioma includes:
The medical therapy of oligodendroglioma includes:



Revision as of 20:08, 18 May 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2]Sujit Routray, M.D. [3]

Overview

The predominant therapy for oligodendroglioma is surgical resection. Adjunctive chemotherapy and radiation are required. Supportive therapy for oligodendroglioma includes anticonvulsants and corticosteroids.

Medical Therapy

Innovative treatment options:

The medical therapy of oligodendroglioma includes:

Radiotherapy

  • Post-operative radiotherapy is recommended among all patients who develop oligodendroglioma[1][2]
  • Radiotherapy may not cure the cancer but it can:
    • Control the tumor
    • Delay recurrence
    • Increase survival
  • External beam radiation therapy is preferred to whole brain radiotherapy[1]
  • External beam radiation therapy is usually administered in standard fractions of 1.8–2 Gy and can reach a total dose of 60 Gy[3]

Chemotherapy

Supportive treatment

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Treatment of oligodendroglioma. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/brain-and-spinal-tumours/oligodendroglioma/?region=on
  2. Harat M, Blok M, Harat A, Soszyńska K (2019). "The impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on molecular prognostic markers in gliomas". Onco Targets Ther. 12: 2215–2224. doi:10.2147/OTT.S200818. PMC 6441459. PMID 30988626.
  3. Stupp R, Tonn JC, Brada M, Pentheroudakis G, ESMO Guidelines Working Group (2010). "High-grade malignant glioma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up". Ann Oncol. 21 Suppl 5: v190–3. doi:10.1093/annonc/mdq187. PMID 20555079.
  4. Cairncross JG, Ueki K, Zlatescu MC, Lisle DK, Finkelstein DM, Hammond RR; et al. (1998). "Specific genetic predictors of chemotherapeutic response and survival in patients with anaplastic oligodendrogliomas". J Natl Cancer Inst. 90 (19): 1473–9. PMID 9776413.
  5. Cairncross G, Wang M, Shaw E, Jenkins R, Brachman D, Buckner J; et al. (2013). "Phase III trial of chemoradiotherapy for anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term results of RTOG 9402". J Clin Oncol. 31 (3): 337–43. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.43.2674. PMC 3732012. PMID 23071247.
  6. van den Bent MJ, Brandes AA, Taphoorn MJ, Kros JM, Kouwenhoven MC, Delattre JY; et al. (2013). "Adjuvant procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine chemotherapy in newly diagnosed anaplastic oligodendroglioma: long-term follow-up of EORTC brain tumor group study 26951". J Clin Oncol. 31 (3): 344–50. doi:10.1200/JCO.2012.43.2229. PMID 23071237.
  7. Mohammad F, Weissmann S, Leblanc B, Pandey DP, Højfeldt JW, Comet I; et al. (2017). "EZH2 is a potential therapeutic target for H3K27M-mutant pediatric gliomas". Nat Med. 23 (4): 483–492. doi:10.1038/nm.4293. PMID 28263309.
  8. Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G (1975). "Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes". Biochem Pharmacol. 24 (17): 1639–41. PMID doi:10.1016/S0090-3019(03)00167-8 Check |pmid= value (help).
  9. 9.0 9.1 Cairncross JG, Macdonald DR (1988). "Successful chemotherapy for recurrent malignant oligodendroglioma". Ann Neurol. 23 (4): 360–4. doi:10.1002/ana.410230408. PMID 3382171.
  10. Cairncross JG, Macdonald DR, Ramsay DA (1992). "Aggressive oligodendroglioma: a chemosensitive tumor". Neurosurgery. 31 (1): 78–82. PMID 1641113.
  11. Mueller W, Hartmann C, Hoffmann A, Lanksch W, Kiwit J, Tonn J; et al. (2002). "Genetic signature of oligoastrocytomas correlates with tumor location and denotes distinct molecular subsets". Am J Pathol. 161 (1): 313–9. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64183-1. PMC 1850690. PMID 12107116.
  12. Levin VA, Edwards MS, Wright DC, Seager ML, Schimberg TP, Townsend JJ; et al. (1980). "Modified procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine (PCV 3) combination chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant brain tumors". Cancer Treat Rep. 64 (2–3): 237–44. PMID 7407756.
  13. 13.0 13.1 Chemotherapeutic drugs in malignant gliomas. Canadian Cancer Society 2015. http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/brain-spinal/treatment/chemotherapy/?region=on


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