Obsessive-compulsive disorder risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Abhishek Reddy ; Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

Risk factors for obsessive compulsive disorder include a family history, pregnancy, certain infections and stressful life events.

Risk Factors

Risk factors may include:

  • Behavioral inhibition in childhood
  • First-degree relatives
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Higher negative emotionality
  • Physical and sexual abuse in childhood
  • Stressful event
  • Traumatic event[1]
  • Age; OCD tends to develop in late adolescence or early adulthood, however, it can begin as early as preschool age and as late as age 40.
  • Genetic factors; Research suggests that genes may play a role in the development of OCD in some cases. The condition tends to run in families. A person who has OCD has a 25% chance of having a blood relative who has it. One study found that children inherit OCD symptoms in 45%-60% of cases, while adults inherit the symptoms in 27%-47% of cases.
  • Streptococcal infection; PANDAS, or pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections, is a term that refers to a group of children who have developed OCD and/or a tic disorder, after infection with streptococcus. Researchers are studying what causes this and have theories about antibodies in the body which may also interact with the brain.
  • Stress; OCD symptoms often develop during stress from major life changes, such as loss of a loved one, divorce, relationship difficulties, problems in school, or abuse.
  • Pregnancy and the post-partum period; OCD symptoms may worsen during, and immediately after pregnancy. In this case, fluctuating hormones can trigger symptoms. Postpartum OCD is characterized by disturbing thoughts and compulsions regarding the baby’s well-being.

References

  1. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.

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