Obsessive-compulsive disorder natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyanka Kumari, M.B.B.S[2] Sonya Gelfand, Abhishek Reddy
Overview
The course of obsessive compulsive disorder is difficult to predict, and minimal research has been done on it. However, it is known that stress exacerbates the symptoms of OCD, and if left untreated, OCD often develops into a chronic condition that presents varying complications and results in an overall poor quality of life.[1]
Natural History
- OCD tends to have a waxing and waning course. The fact that many individuals do not seek treatment may be due in part to stigma associated with OCD, and because sufferers of OCD do not realize that what they are suffering from is OCD, mainly because the typical depiction of the disorder in the media and elsewhere only covers a few of the many symptoms of OCD.
Natural History in Cases with History of an Anxiety Disorder in Addition to OCD
- Sufferers of OCD who are married often have an increased likelihood of recovering from OCD due to the protective nature of the individual's spouse in which the spouse provides support and assistance in addressing symptoms that aide remission.[2][3][4]
- Those with more severe OCD have been found to often be less likely to remit from the disorder.[5]
Complications
- Complications that obsessive-compulsive disorder may cause or be associated with include:[6]
- Health issues such as contact dermatitis due to frequent hand-washing
- Inability to attend work, school or social activities
- Troubled relationships
- Overall poor quality of life
- Suicidal thoughts and behavior
- Anxiety disorders
- Eating disorders
- Alcohol or substance abuse
Prognosis
- OCD almost always results in a reduced overall quality of life.[7]
- Despite the fact that psychological and/or pharmacological treatment may reduce OCD symptoms, there are rarely symptom-free situations.[8]
- Almost 40% of pediatric OCD cases qualify for remission and 40% still have the disorder in adulthood.[9]
Overview
If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
OR
Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
OR
Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#]%.
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___.
- The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___.
- If left untreated, [#]% of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
Complications
- Common complications of [disease name] include:
- [Complication 1]
- [Complication 2]
- [Complication 3]
Prognosis
- Prognosis is generally excellent/good/poor, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with [disease name] is approximately [--]%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.
References
- ↑ What causes OCD
- ↑ Eisen JL, Goodman WK, Keller MB, Warshaw MG, DeMarco LM, Luce DD; et al. (1999). "Patterns of remission and relapse in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a 2-year prospective study". J Clin Psychiatry. 60 (5): 346–51, quiz 352. PMID 10362449.
- ↑ Steketee G, Eisen J, Dyck I, Warshaw M, Rasmussen S (1999). "Predictors of course in obsessive-compulsive disorder". Psychiatry Res. 89 (3): 229–38. PMID 10708269.
- ↑ Boschen MJ, Drummond LM, Pillay A, Morton K (2010). "Predicting outcome of treatment for severe, treatment resistant OCD in inpatient and community settings". J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 41 (2): 90–5. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.10.006. PMID 19926074.
- ↑ Catapano F, Perris F, Masella M, Rossano F, Cigliano M, Magliano L; et al. (2006). "Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a 3-year prospective follow-up study of patients treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors OCD follow-up study". J Psychiatr Res. 40 (6): 502–10. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.04.010. PMID 16904424.
- ↑ OCD complications
- ↑ Eddy KT, Dutra L, Bradley R, Westen D (2004). "A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder". Clin Psychol Rev. 24 (8): 1011–30. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2004.08.004. PMID 15533282.
- ↑ Subramaniam M, Soh P, Vaingankar JA, Picco L, Chong SA (2013). "Quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder: impact of the disorder and of treatment". CNS Drugs. 27 (5): 367–83. doi:10.1007/s40263-013-0056-z. PMID 23580175.
- ↑ Boileau B (2011). "A review of obsessive-compulsive disorder in children and adolescents". Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 13 (4): 401–11. PMC 3263388. PMID 22275846.