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{{Obsessive-compulsive disorder}}
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==Overview==
==Overview==


Risk factors for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder include family history and stressful life events.
Risk factors for obsessive compulsive disorder include [[genetic predisposition]], a variety of [[genetic]] factors, environmental factors, and [[brain]] structure and function.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
===Genetic Predisposition===
*Research suggests that the condition tends to run in families. A person who has OCD has a 25% chance of having a blood relative who has it. One study found that children inherit OCD [[symptoms]] in 45%-60% of cases, while adults inherit the [[symptoms]] in 27%-47% of cases.<ref name="DSMV">{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>
*People with first-degree relatives who have OCD, especially if the first-degree relative developed OCD as a child or teen, are at a higher risk for OCD.
===Genetic Factors===
* Presence of other mental or [[neurologic]] conditions, such as:<ref name="DSMV" />
:*[[Anxiety disorder]]s
:*[[Depression]]
:*[[Tourette's syndrome]]
:*[[Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder]]
:*[[Substance abuse]]
:*[[Eating disorder]]s
:*[[Personality disorder]]s
:*Streptococcal infection
:*[[PANDAS]] (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders)
* [[Pregnancy]] or post-partum period: OCD symptoms may worsen during, and immediately after [[pregnancy]]. In this case, fluctuating [[hormones]] can trigger [[symptoms]]. Postpartum OCD is characterized by disturbing thoughts and compulsions regarding the baby’s well-being.
===Environment===
*Experiencing childhood physical or [[sexual]] [[abuse]].<ref name="DSMV" />
*Experiencing a stressful event (major life changes, such as loss of a loved one, divorce, relationship difficulties, problems in school, or [[abuse]]).
*Experiencing a traumatic event.
===Brain Structure and Functioning===
*Experiencing childhood behavioral [[inhibition]].<ref name="DSMV" />
*Experiencing higher negative emotionality.
==Overview==
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
OR


Risk factors may include:
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].


*1 Age- OCD tends to develop in late adolescence or early adulthood. However, it can begin as early as preschool age and as late as age 40.
OR


*2 Genetic Factors- Research suggests that genes may play a role in the development of OCD in some cases. The condition tends to run in families. A person who has OCD has a 25% chance of having a blood relative who has it.
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].


One study found that children inherit OCD symptoms in 45%-60% of cases, while adults inherit the symptoms in 27%-47% of cases.
OR


*3 Presence of Other Mental or Neurologic  Conditions- OCD often occurs in people who have other          anxiety disorders          ,          depression          ,          Tourette syndrome          ,          attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)          ,         substance abuse          ,         eating disorders          , and certain personality disorders.
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.


PANDAS, which refers to Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders associated with Streptococcal Infections, is a term that refers to a group of children who have OCD and/or a tic disorder, which gets worse or is related to          strep throat          . Researchers are studying what causes this, for example, antibodies in the body may interact with the brain.
==Risk Factors==
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].


*4 Stress- OCD symptoms often occur during stress from major life changes, such as loss of a loved one, divorce, relationship difficulties, problems in school, or abuse.
OR


*5 Pregnancy and Postpartum- OCD symptoms may worsen during and immediately after pregnancy. In this case, fluctuating hormones can trigger symptoms. Postpartum OCD is characterized by disturbing thoughts and compulsions regarding the baby’s well-being.
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].


==References==
OR


References:
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
**[Risk factor 1]
**[Risk factor 2]
**[Risk factor 3]


===Less Common Risk Factors===
*Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
**[Risk factor 1]
**[Risk factor 2]
**[Risk factor 3]


Carson RC.          Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life          . 11th ed. Allyn and Bacon; 2000.
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}


Moretti G, Pasquini M, Mandarelli G, et al. What every psychiatrist should know about PANDAS: a review.          Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health.          2008 May 21;4:13.
{{WS}}


van Groothest DS, Cath DC, Beekman AT, Boomsma DI. Twin studies on OCD: A review.          Twin Res Hum Genet.          2005;8:450-458.
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Disease]]

Latest revision as of 16:39, 23 April 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyanka Kumari, M.B.B.S[2] Sonya Gelfand, Abhishek Reddy, Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]

Overview

Risk factors for obsessive compulsive disorder include genetic predisposition, a variety of genetic factors, environmental factors, and brain structure and function.

Risk Factors

Genetic Predisposition

  • Research suggests that the condition tends to run in families. A person who has OCD has a 25% chance of having a blood relative who has it. One study found that children inherit OCD symptoms in 45%-60% of cases, while adults inherit the symptoms in 27%-47% of cases.[1]
  • People with first-degree relatives who have OCD, especially if the first-degree relative developed OCD as a child or teen, are at a higher risk for OCD.

Genetic Factors

  • Pregnancy or post-partum period: OCD symptoms may worsen during, and immediately after pregnancy. In this case, fluctuating hormones can trigger symptoms. Postpartum OCD is characterized by disturbing thoughts and compulsions regarding the baby’s well-being.

Environment

  • Experiencing childhood physical or sexual abuse.[1]
  • Experiencing a stressful event (major life changes, such as loss of a loved one, divorce, relationship difficulties, problems in school, or abuse).
  • Experiencing a traumatic event.

Brain Structure and Functioning

  • Experiencing childhood behavioral inhibition.[1]
  • Experiencing higher negative emotionality.

Overview

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Risk Factors

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Common Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
  • Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
    • [Risk factor 1]
    • [Risk factor 2]
    • [Risk factor 3]

Less Common Risk Factors

  • Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
    • [Risk factor 1]
    • [Risk factor 2]
    • [Risk factor 3]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.

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