Obsessive-compulsive disorder overview: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
 
(22 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">
<div style="-webkit-user-select: none;">
{|class="infobox" style="position: fixed; top: 65%; right: 10px; margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right;
{| class="infobox" style="position: fixed; top: 65%; right: 10px; margin: 0 0 0 0; border: 0; float: right;"
|-
|-
| {{#ev:youtube|https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8Jofzx_8p4|350}}
|{{#ev:youtube|https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8Jofzx_8p4|350}}
|-
|-
|}
|}
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Obsessive-compulsive disorder}}
{{Obsessive-compulsive disorder}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{Priyanka}} {{Sonya}}
==Overview==
==Overview==


'''Obsessive-compulsive disorder''' ('''OCD''') is a [[psychiatric]] [[anxiety disorder]] most commonly characterized by a subject's obsessive, [[distress]]ing, [[intrusive thoughts]] and related compulsions (tasks or "rituals") which attempt to neutralize the obsessions. It is listed by the [[World Health Organization]] as one of the top 10 most disabling illnesses in terms of a diminished quality of life.<ref>Kohn, R. et al. "The treatment gap in mental health care". The World Health Organization, 2004. Accessed June 28, 2007.</ref>
Obsessive Compulsive disorder is a [[psychiatric condition]] characterized by recurrent undesirable thoughts or sensations (obsessions) that cause patients to do something repetitively (compulsions). WHO listed this disorder among one of the top 10 psychiatric disorders that can affect the [[quality of life]].
 
==Historical Perspective==
 
==Classification==
==Classification==
Obsessive compulsive disorder is classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) as an anxiety disorder. According to the American Psychiatric Association there will be change in the classification of OCD and associated conditions into DSM-5 once the the fifth edition of the DSM scheduled for release in May 2013 comes out.
Obsessive compulsive disorder is classified in the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders]], Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) as an [[anxiety]] [[disorder]]. According to the American Psychiatric Association there will be change in the classification of OCD and associated conditions into DSM-5 once the the fifth edition of the DSM scheduled for release in May 2013 comes out.


==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==
Different biological and psychological explanations have been put forward to understand the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is generally agreed that neurotransmitters play an important role in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder.
Different [[biological]] and [[psychological]] explanations have been put forward to understand the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is generally agreed that [[neurotransmitters]] play an important role in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder.
==Causes==
==Causes==
It is generally agreed that neurotransmitters, biological, psychological, and environmental factors all play a probable role in causing obsessive–compulsive disorder.
It is generally agreed that [[neurotransmitters]], [[biological]], [[psychological]], and environmental factors all play a probable role in causing obsessive–compulsive disorder.


==Differentiating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder from other Diseases==
OCD has many co-morbid conditions and hence clinicians should be familiar with the diagnostic criteria and consider OCD in their differential when evaluating tics, mood and anxiety disorders, or other compulsive behaviors, such as trichotillomania or neurodermatitis.<ref>[http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1934139-differential/ Differential for OCD]</ref>
The differential diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) includes [[tic]]s, [[mood]] and [[anxiety]] disorders, and other [[compulsive]] behaviors, such as [[trichotillomania]] or [[neurodermatitis]].
 
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
Once believed to be rare, OCD was found to have a lifetime prevalence of 2.5% in a 1980 study of adults from several U.S. cities. Current estimates of lifetime prevalence are generally in the range of 1-3%. Discovery of effective treatments and education of patients and health care providers have significantly increased the identification of individuals with OCD. International studies have shown a similar incidence and prevalence of OCD worldwide.<ref name="pmid28384832">{{cite journal| author=Hirschtritt ME, Bloch MH, Mathews CA| title=Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment. | journal=JAMA | year= 2017 | volume= 317 | issue= 13 | pages= 1358-1367 | pmid=28384832 | doi=10.1001/jama.2017.2200 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28384832  }} </ref>
Once believed to be rare, OCD was found to have a lifetime prevalence of 2,300 per 100,000 (2.3%) of the overall population. The twelve month prevalence of OCD is 1,200 per 100,000 (1.2%) of the overall population. Discovery of effective treatments and education of patients and health care providers have significantly increased the identification of individuals with OCD. International studies have shown a similar incidence and prevalence of OCD worldwide.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
Risk factors for obsessive compulsive disorder include a [[family history]], [[pregnancy]], certain[[infections]] and stressful life events.
Risk factors for obsessive compulsive disorder include [[genetic predisposition]], a variety of [[genetic]] factors, environmental factors, and [[brain]] structure and function.
 
==Screening==
==Screening==
his screening test for obsessive-compulsive disorder is designed as a guide to find out whether you show symptoms similar to those of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
This screening test for obsessive-compulsive disorder is designed as a guide to find out whether one shows [[symptoms]] similar to those of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is considered as a gold standard to screen for the symptoms and severity of obsessive compulsive disorder.
 
==Natural History, Complication and Prognosis==
==Natural History, Complication and Prognosis==
The course of obsessive compulsive disorder is difficult to predict. It is known that stress exacerbates the symptoms of OCD.<ref>[http://www.ocduk.org/what-causes-ocd/ What causes OCD]</ref> Untreated over the duration of time OCD can result in clinical depression.
The course of obsessive compulsive disorder is difficult to predict, and minimal research has been done on it. However, it is known that [[stress]] exacerbates the [[symptoms]] of OCD, and if left untreated, OCD often develops into a [[chronic]] condition that presents varying complications and results in an overall poor [[quality of life]].
 
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===History and Symptoms===
===History and Symptoms===
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a [[psychiatric]] [[anxiety disorder]] most commonly characterized by a subject's obsessive, [[distress]]ing, [[intrusive thoughts]] and related compulsions (tasks or "rituals") which attempt to neutralize the obsessions.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a [[psychiatric]] [[anxiety]] [[disorder]] most commonly characterized by a subject's obsessive, [[distress]]ing, [[intrusive thoughts]] and related compulsions (tasks or "rituals") which attempt to neutralize the obsessions.
 
===Physical Examination===
===Physical Examination===
Although obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental health problem certain physical examinations are done to pin point the diagnosis for OCD.
Although obsessive-compulsive disorder is a [[mental health]] problem, certain physical examinations are done to pin point the diagnosis for OCD.
 
===Laboratory Findings===
===Laboratory Findings===
The laboratory tests for obsessive compulsive disorder may include a complete blood count (CBC), screening for alcohol and drugs, and a check of the thyroid function.
The laboratory tests for obsessive compulsive disorder may include a [[complete blood count]] ([[CBC]]), screening for alcohol and drugs, and a check of the [[thyroid]] function.
==Treatment===
 
===Electrocardiogram===
 
===X-ray===
 
===Echocardiography and Ultrasound===
 
===CT scan===
 
===MRI===
===Other Imaging Findings===
 
===Other Diagnostic Studies===
 
==Treatment==
===Medical Therapy===
===Medical Therapy===
According to the Expert Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder,[[behavioral therapy]] (BT), [[cognitive therapy]] (CT), [[Psychiatric medication|medications]], or any combination of the three, are first-line treatments for OCD. [[Psychodynamic psychotherapy]] may help in managing some aspects of the disorder, but there are no controlled studies that demonstrate effectiveness of[[psychoanalysis]] or dynamic psychotherapy in OCD.<ref name="APAguidelines">Koran LM, Hanna GL, Hollander E, Nestadt G, Simpson HB; American Psychiatric Association.{{PDFlink|"[http://www.psych.org/psych_pract/treatg/pg/OCDPracticeGuidelineFinal05-04-07.pdf Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder]."|1.10&nbsp;[[Mebibyte|MiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 1161779 bytes -->}} Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164(7 Suppl): 5-53. PMID 17849776.</ref>
According to the Expert Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, [[behavioral therapy]] (BT), [[cognitive therapy]] (CT), [[Psychiatric medication|medications]], or any combination of the three are first-line treatments for OCD. [[Psychodynamic psychotherapy]] may help in managing some aspects of the disorder, but there are no controlled studies that demonstrate effectiveness of [[psychoanalysis]] or dynamic [[psychotherapy]] in OCD. Though there is no known treatment for full [[remission]] of OCD yet, there are a number of successful treatment options available to promote significant improvement.
 
===Interventions===
 
===Surgery===
 
===Primary Prevention===
 
===Secondary Prevention===


There is no known cure for OCD as of yet, but there are a number of successful treatment options available.
==References==
==References==


{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{WH}}
{{WS}}


[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:primary care]]
[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Disease]]
{{WH}}
{{WS}}

Latest revision as of 07:53, 9 June 2021

https://https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8Jofzx_8p4%7C350}}

Obsessive-compulsive disorder Microchapters

Home

Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Substance/Medication-induced Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder due to Another Medical Condition

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Study of Choice

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy

Future or Investigational Therapies

Case Studies

Case #1

Obsessive-compulsive disorder overview On the Web

Most recent articles

Most cited articles

Review articles

CME Programs

Powerpoint slides

Images

American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Obsessive-compulsive disorder overview

All Images
X-rays
Echo & Ultrasound
CT Images
MRI

Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse

NICE Guidance

FDA on Obsessive-compulsive disorder overview

CDC on Obsessive-compulsive disorder overview

Obsessive-compulsive disorder overview in the news

Blogs on Obsessive-compulsive disorder overview

Directions to Hospitals Treating Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Risk calculators and risk factors for Obsessive-compulsive disorder overview

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyanka Kumari, M.B.B.S[2] Sonya Gelfand

Overview

Obsessive Compulsive disorder is a psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent undesirable thoughts or sensations (obsessions) that cause patients to do something repetitively (compulsions). WHO listed this disorder among one of the top 10 psychiatric disorders that can affect the quality of life.

Historical Perspective

Classification

Obsessive compulsive disorder is classified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) as an anxiety disorder. According to the American Psychiatric Association there will be change in the classification of OCD and associated conditions into DSM-5 once the the fifth edition of the DSM scheduled for release in May 2013 comes out.

Pathophysiology

Different biological and psychological explanations have been put forward to understand the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. It is generally agreed that neurotransmitters play an important role in the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder.

Causes

It is generally agreed that neurotransmitters, biological, psychological, and environmental factors all play a probable role in causing obsessive–compulsive disorder.

Differentiating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder from other Diseases

The differential diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) includes tics, mood and anxiety disorders, and other compulsive behaviors, such as trichotillomania or neurodermatitis.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Once believed to be rare, OCD was found to have a lifetime prevalence of 2,300 per 100,000 (2.3%) of the overall population. The twelve month prevalence of OCD is 1,200 per 100,000 (1.2%) of the overall population. Discovery of effective treatments and education of patients and health care providers have significantly increased the identification of individuals with OCD. International studies have shown a similar incidence and prevalence of OCD worldwide.

Risk Factors

Risk factors for obsessive compulsive disorder include genetic predisposition, a variety of genetic factors, environmental factors, and brain structure and function.

Screening

This screening test for obsessive-compulsive disorder is designed as a guide to find out whether one shows symptoms similar to those of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is considered as a gold standard to screen for the symptoms and severity of obsessive compulsive disorder.

Natural History, Complication and Prognosis

The course of obsessive compulsive disorder is difficult to predict, and minimal research has been done on it. However, it is known that stress exacerbates the symptoms of OCD, and if left untreated, OCD often develops into a chronic condition that presents varying complications and results in an overall poor quality of life.

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric anxiety disorder most commonly characterized by a subject's obsessive, distressing, intrusive thoughts and related compulsions (tasks or "rituals") which attempt to neutralize the obsessions.

Physical Examination

Although obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental health problem, certain physical examinations are done to pin point the diagnosis for OCD.

Laboratory Findings

The laboratory tests for obsessive compulsive disorder may include a complete blood count (CBC), screening for alcohol and drugs, and a check of the thyroid function.

Electrocardiogram

X-ray

Echocardiography and Ultrasound

CT scan

MRI

Other Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

According to the Expert Consensus Guidelines for the Treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, behavioral therapy (BT), cognitive therapy (CT), medications, or any combination of the three are first-line treatments for OCD. Psychodynamic psychotherapy may help in managing some aspects of the disorder, but there are no controlled studies that demonstrate effectiveness of psychoanalysis or dynamic psychotherapy in OCD. Though there is no known treatment for full remission of OCD yet, there are a number of successful treatment options available to promote significant improvement.

Interventions

Surgery

Primary Prevention

Secondary Prevention

References

Template:WH

Template:WS