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==Overview==
==Overview==
Common causes of neoplastic meningitis include primary [[brain tumor|intracerebral malignancies]] ([[glioblastoma multiforme]], [[anaplastic astrocytoma]], [[medulloblastoma]]) and metastatic disease ([[breast cancer]], [[lung cancer]], [[melanoma]], [[lymphoma]], [[leukemia]]).<ref name="causes1">Pathology of leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 19, 2016</ref>
Common causes of neoplastic meningitis include primary [[brain tumor|intracerebral malignancies]] ([[glioblastoma multiforme]], [[anaplastic astrocytoma]], [[medulloblastoma]]) and metastatic disease ([[breast cancer]], [[lung cancer]], [[melanoma]], [[lymphoma]], [[leukemia]]). Neoplastic meningitis is a secondary cancer caused by the spread of tumor cells into the [[meninges]] and [[subarachnoid space]] from a primary source. Most common solid tumor sources documented are [[breast]], [[lung]], [[melanoma]] and [[Hematologic cancer|hematologic cancers]] mostly acute [[Lymphoid leukemia|lymphocytic leukemia]]. Cancers not previously thought to be predisposed to neoplastic meningitis but now has documented cases are [[gastric]], [[prostate]], [[ovarian]], [[cervical]] and [[endometrial]].


==Causes==
==Causes==
* Neoplastic meningitis is a secondary cancer caused by the spread of tumor cells into the meninges and subarachnoid space from a primary source. Most common solid tumor sources documented are breast, lung, melanoma and hematologic cancers mostly acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancers not previously thought to be predisposed to neoplastic meningitis but now has documented cases are gastric, prostate, ovarian, cervical and endometrial. <ref name="pmid4093424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boverie J |title=Appendiceal abscess in the anterior pararenal space |journal=J Belge Radiol |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=438–9 |date=1985 |pmid=4093424 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Neoplastic meningitis is a secondary cancer caused by the spread of tumor cells into the [[meninges]] and [[subarachnoid space]] from a primary source. Most common solid tumor sources documented are [[breast]], [[lung]], [[melanoma]] and [[Hematologic cancer|hematologic cancers]] mostly acute [[Lymphoid leukemia|lymphocytic leukemia]]. Cancers not previously thought to be predisposed to neoplastic meningitis but now has documented cases are [[gastric]], [[prostate]], [[ovarian]], [[cervical]] and [[endometrial]]. <ref name="pmid4093424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boverie J |title=Appendiceal abscess in the anterior pararenal space |journal=J Belge Radiol |volume=68 |issue=6 |pages=438–9 |date=1985 |pmid=4093424 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
 
*Cancers not previously thought to be predisposed to neoplastic meningitis but now has documented cases are gastric, prostate, ovarian, cervical and endometrial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4093424/|title=How to Recognize and Treat Neoplastic Meningitis|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
*Cancers not previously thought to be predisposed to neoplastic meningitis but now has documented cases are gastric, prostate, ovarian, cervical and endometrial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4093424/|title=How to Recognize and Treat Neoplastic Meningitis|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>
*Primary [[brain tumor|intracerebral malignancies]] that may cause [[metastases]] ('''drop-metastasis''') to the [[subarachnoid space]] include:<ref name="causes1">Pathology of leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 19, 2016</ref>
*Primary [[brain tumor|intracerebral malignancies]] that may cause [[metastases]] ('''drop-metastasis''') to the [[subarachnoid space]] include:<ref name="causes1">Pathology of leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 19, 2016</ref>


:*[[Glioblastoma multiforme]]
**[[Glioblastoma multiforme]]
:*[[Anaplastic astrocytoma]]
**[[Anaplastic astrocytoma]]
:*[[Medulloblastoma]]
**[[Medulloblastoma]]
:*[https://radiopaedia.org/articles/primitive-neuroectodermal-tumour-of-the-cns?lang=us Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET)]
**Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (SPNET)<ref name="urlPrimitive neuroectodermal tumor of the CNS | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org">{{cite web |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/primitive-neuroectodermal-tumour-of-the-cns?lang=us |title=Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the CNS &#124; Radiology Reference Article &#124; Radiopaedia.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
:*[[Ependymoma]]
**[[Ependymoma]]
:*[[Germinoma]]
**[[Germinoma]]
:*[[choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma|Choroid plexus carcinoma]]
**[[choroid plexus papilloma and carcinoma|Choroid plexus carcinoma]]
*Vast majority of leptomeningeal metastases originates from a widespread metastatic disease ('''hematogenous spread'''). Common primary sites include:<ref name="causes1">Pathology of leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 19, 2016</ref>
*Vast majority of leptomeningeal metastases originates from a widespread metastatic disease ('''hematogenous spread'''). Common primary sites include:<ref name="causes1">Pathology of leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 19, 2016</ref>



Latest revision as of 15:13, 16 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]

Overview

Common causes of neoplastic meningitis include primary intracerebral malignancies (glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, medulloblastoma) and metastatic disease (breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, lymphoma, leukemia). Neoplastic meningitis is a secondary cancer caused by the spread of tumor cells into the meninges and subarachnoid space from a primary source. Most common solid tumor sources documented are breast, lung, melanoma and hematologic cancers mostly acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancers not previously thought to be predisposed to neoplastic meningitis but now has documented cases are gastric, prostate, ovarian, cervical and endometrial.

Causes

Neoplastic meningitis is a secondary cancer caused by the spread of tumor cells into the meninges and subarachnoid space from a primary source. Most common solid tumor sources documented are breast, lung, melanoma and hematologic cancers mostly acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancers not previously thought to be predisposed to neoplastic meningitis but now has documented cases are gastric, prostate, ovarian, cervical and endometrial. [1]

  • Sarcomas rarely metastasizes to the meninges.

References

  1. Boverie J (1985). "Appendiceal abscess in the anterior pararenal space". J Belge Radiol. 68 (6): 438–9. PMID 4093424.
  2. "How to Recognize and Treat Neoplastic Meningitis".
  3. 3.0 3.1 Pathology of leptomeningeal metastases. Dr Bruno Di Muzio and A.Prof Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2016. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/leptomeningeal-metastases. Accessed on January 19, 2016
  4. "Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the CNS | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org".


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