Melanoma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 21:39, 21 August 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]; Yazan Daaboul, M.D.

Overview

The prevalence of melanoma is approximately 150-200 per 100,000 individuals. The majority of patients are diagnosed after the age of 65 years. Melanoma is more common among males and individuals of Caucasian race.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of melanoma is 187 per 100,000 individuals in 2011.^[1]

Incidence

The delay-adjusted incidence of melanoma in 2011 was estimated to be 23.21 per 100,000 persons in the United States.^[1]

In 2011, the age-adjusted incidence of melanoma was 22.74 per 100,000 persons in the United States.^[1]

Age

While the overall age-adjusted incidence of melanoma in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 21.3 per 100,000, the age-adjusted incidence of melanoma by age category is:^[1]
- Under 65 years: 12.6 per 100,000
- 65 and over: 81.1 per 100,000

Shown below is an image that demonstrates the delay-adjusted incidence and observed incidence of melanoma by age and gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011. These graphs are adapted from SEER: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.^[1]

Gender

There is a slight male preponderance to the development of melanoma.
The male to female ratio is approximately 1.2-1.6 to 1.

Race

There is a racial preponderance to the development of melanoma, where Caucasian individuals are at a significantly increased risk compared to dark-skinned individuals.
Shown below is a table that demonstrates the age-adjusted prevalence of melanoma by race in 2011 in the United States.^[1]

	All Races	White	Black	Asian/Pacific Islander	Hispanic
Age-adjusted prevalence	187 per 100,000	234.5 per 100,000	7.5 per 100,000	11.1 per 100,000	37.9 per 100,000

Shown below is an image depicting the incidence of melanoma by race in the United States between 1975 and 2011.^[1]

API: Asian/Pacific Islander; AI/AN: American Indian/ Alaska Native

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.

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[SEER-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{Melanoma}}
-{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Rim}}
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{Rim}}; {{YD}}
 ==Overview==
-Around 132,000 new cases of melanoma are diagnosed worldwide each year, and the number is estimated to increase by an additional 4,500 cases with a 10% decrement in the ozone levels.<ref name=WHO>[http://www.who.int/uv/faq/skincancer/en/index1.html Ultraviolet radiation and the INTERSUN Programme. WHO. Accessed on June 16, 2014]</ref>  The incidence of melanoma and other skin cancers is on the rise due to the increased sun exposure and the increased rate of sunburns.<ref name=WHO>[http://www.who.int/uv/faq/skincancer/en/index1.html Ultraviolet radiation and the INTERSUN Programme. WHO. Accessed on June 16, 2014]</ref>  Although the [[prevalence]] of melanoma is inferior to that of non-melanoma skin cancers, melanoma remains the leading cause of death from [[skin cancer]].<ref name=WHO2>[http://www.who.int/uv/health/uv_health2/en/index1.html Health effects of UV radiation. WHO. Accessed on June 16, 2014]</ref>  Melanoma is more common in caucasian populations and males.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>  In the United States, the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of melanoma is 187 per 100,000 in 2011.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
+The prevalence of melanoma is approximately 150-200 per 100,000 individuals. The majority of patients are diagnosed after the age of 65 years. Melanoma is more common among males and individuals of Caucasian race.
 ==Epidemiology and Demographics==
 ===Prevalence===
+* In the United States, the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of melanoma is 187 per 100,000 individuals in 2011.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
-* In the United States, the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of melanoma is 187 per 100,000 in 2011.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
 ===Incidence===
 * The delay-adjusted [[incidence]] of melanoma in 2011 was estimated to be 23.21 per 100,000 persons in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
@@ Line 18: / Line 16: @@
 ===Age===
 * While the overall age-adjusted [[incidence]] of melanoma in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 21.3 per 100,000, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of melanoma by age category is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
 ** Under 65 years: 12.6 per 100,000
 ** 65 and over: 81.1 per 100,000
-* Shown below is an image depicting the delay-adjusted [[incidence]] and observed [[incidence]] of melanoma by age and gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011.  These graphs are adapted from [[SEER]]: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
+* Shown below is an image that demonstrates the delay-adjusted [[incidence]] and observed [[incidence]] of melanoma by age and gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011.  These graphs are adapted from [[SEER]]: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
 [[Image:Incidence of melanoma by age and sex.png|500 px|Delay-adjusted [[incidence]] and observed [[incidence]] of melanoma by age and gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011]]
 ===Gender===
+*There is a slight male preponderance to the development of melanoma.
-* In the United States, the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of melanoma by gender in 2011 is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
+*The male to female ratio is approximately 1.2-1.6 to 1.
-** In males: 213.2 per 100,000
-** In females: 170.1 per 100,000
-* In the United States, the delay-adjusted [[incidence]] of melanoma by gender in 2011 is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
-** In males: 29.51 per 100,000 persons
-** In females: 18.73 per 100,000 persons
-* In the United States, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] of melanoma by gender on 2011 is:<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
-** In males: 28.92 per 100,000 persons
-** In females: 18.35 per 100,000 persons
-* Shown below is an image depicting the delay-adjusted [[incidence]] and observed [[incidence]] of melanoma by gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011.  These graphs are adapted from [[SEER]]: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
-[[Image:Incidence of melanoma by sex.png|Delay-adjusted [[incidence]] and observed [[incidence]] of melanoma by gender in the United States between 1975 and 2011]]
 ===Race===
+*There is a racial preponderance to the development of melanoma, where Caucasian individuals are at a significantly increased risk compared to dark-skinned individuals.
-* Shown below is a table depicting the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of melanoma by race in 2011 in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
+* Shown below is a table that demonstrates the age-adjusted [[prevalence]] of melanoma by race in 2011 in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref>
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@@ Line 65: / Line 48: @@
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