Mediastinitis causes

Mediastinitis Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

Acute

• In modern practice, most cases of acute mediastinitis result from complications of cardiovascular or endoscopic surgical procedures.
• Odontogenic (infected tooth)
• Perforation of the esophagus (Boerhaave syndrome)
• Retropharyngeal infections

Chronic

Chronic medistinitis is usually a radiologic diagnosis manifested by diffuse fibrosis of the soft tissues of the mediastinum. This is sometimes the consequence of prior granulomatous disease, most commonly histoplasmosis. Other identifiable causes include tuberculosis and radiation therapy. Fibrosing mediastinitis most frequently causes problems by constricting blood vessels or airways in the mediastinum. This may result in such complications as superior vena cava syndrome or pulmonary edema from compression of pulmonary veins.