Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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{{Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma}}
{{Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{S.M.}}  
==Overview==
==Overview==
The [[prevalence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is [[Estimate|estimated]] to be 1000-1500 cases in [[United States]] annually. [[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] represents 1-2% of all [[hematological]] [[Cancer|cancers]]. Overall [[age]]-adjusted [[incidence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is 0.38 [[Case-based reasoning|cases]] per 100,000 [[Person|persons]] annually, increasing with [[age]] to 2.85 in [[patients]] above 80 [[Year|years]]. [[Incidence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] increases after 50 [[Year|years]] of [[age]] with [[median]] [[age]] at [[diagnosis]] to be 65 [[Year|years]]. [[Men]] are twice more likely than [[Womens Pack|women]] to [[Development|develop]] [[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma|LPL]] and there is higher [[incidence]] of [[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma|LPL]] in [[White (mutation)|whites]] than [[Black|blacks]].


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
*[[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is one of the [[rare]] subtypes of [[NHL]] accounting just 1-2% of it
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
 
===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
* The [[prevalence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is [[Estimation|estimated]] to be 1000-1,500 [[Case-based reasoning|cases]] in [[United States]] annually<ref name="pmid22139816">{{cite journal| author=Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R et al.| title=Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study. | journal=Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= 3793-800 | pmid=22139816 | doi=10.1002/cncr.26627 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22139816  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9506352">{{cite journal| author=Groves FD, Travis LB, Devesa SS, Ries LA, Fraumeni JF| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994. | journal=Cancer | year= 1998 | volume= 82 | issue= 6 | pages= 1078-81 | pmid=9506352 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9506352  }} </ref>
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.


===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
===Incidence===
*In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
*LPL accounts for approximately 1% to 2% of [[Hematologic cancer|hematologic cancers]] in [[United States]] and Western Europe<ref name="pmid8219203">{{cite journal| author=Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS| title=Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 82 | issue= 10 | pages= 3148-50 | pmid=8219203 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8219203  }} </ref><ref name="pmid9506352">{{cite journal| author=Groves FD, Travis LB, Devesa SS, Ries LA, Fraumeni JF| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994. | journal=Cancer | year= 1998 | volume= 82 | issue= 6 | pages= 1078-81 | pmid=9506352 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9506352  }} </ref>
*The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
*Worldwide, the overall [[age]]-adjusted [[incidence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is 0.38 [[Case-based reasoning|cases]] per 100,000 [[Person|persons]] annually, increasing with [[age]] to 2.85 in [[patients]] above 80 [[Year|years]] (or 5 [[Case-based reasoning|cases]] per 1 million [[Person|persons]] per [[year]])<ref name="pmid23901022">{{cite journal| author=Monge J, Braggio E, Ansell SM| title=Genetic factors and pathogenesis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Curr Oncol Rep | year= 2013 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 450-6 | pmid=23901022 | doi=10.1007/s11912-013-0331-7 | pmc=PMC3807757 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23901022  }} </ref>
*[[Incidence]] of LPL is approximately 8.3 [[Case-based reasoning|cases]] per million [[Person|persons]] per [[year]]<ref name="pmid16150940">{{cite journal| author=Morton LM, Wang SS, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS| title=Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992-2001. | journal=Blood | year= 2006 | volume= 107 | issue= 1 | pages= 265-76 | pmid=16150940 | doi=10.1182/blood-2005-06-2508 | pmc=1895348 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16150940  }} </ref>
*LPL [[incidence]] is approximately 10-fold lower in Asia<ref name="pmid23784625">{{cite journal| author=Iwanaga M, Chiang CJ, Soda M, Lai MS, Yang YW, Miyazaki Y et al.| title=Incidence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia in Japan and Taiwan population-based cancer registries, 1996-2003. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2014 | volume= 134 | issue= 1 | pages= 174-80 | pmid=23784625 | doi=10.1002/ijc.28343 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23784625  }} </ref>
*Majority of LPL [[patients]] are [[Caucasian honey bee|Caucasians]], with other [[Ethnic group|ethnic groups]] accounting for only 5 [[Percentage|percent]] of [[Case-based reasoning|cases]]<ref name="pmid9506352">{{cite journal| author=Groves FD, Travis LB, Devesa SS, Ries LA, Fraumeni JF| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994. | journal=Cancer | year= 1998 | volume= 82 | issue= 6 | pages= 1078-81 | pmid=9506352 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9506352  }} </ref>
*The [[age]]-adjusted [[incidence rate]] for [[males]] is 0.92 per 100,000 [[person]]-[[Year|years]]<ref name="KyleLarson2018">{{cite journal|last1=Kyle|first1=Robert A.|last2=Larson|first2=Dirk R.|last3=McPhail|first3=Ellen D.|last4=Therneau|first4=Terry M.|last5=Dispenzieri|first5=Angela|last6=Kumar|first6=Shaji|last7=Kapoor|first7=Prashant|last8=Cerhan|first8=James R.|last9=Rajkumar|first9=S. Vincent|title=Fifty-Year Incidence of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, From 1961 Through 2010: A Population-Based Study With Complete Case Capture and Hematopathologic Review|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=93|issue=6|year=2018|pages=739–746|issn=00256196|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.011}}</ref>
*The [[age]]-adjusted [[incidence rate]] for [[females]] is 0.30 per 100,000 [[person]]-[[Year|years]]<ref name="KyleLarson2018">{{cite journal|last1=Kyle|first1=Robert A.|last2=Larson|first2=Dirk R.|last3=McPhail|first3=Ellen D.|last4=Therneau|first4=Terry M.|last5=Dispenzieri|first5=Angela|last6=Kumar|first6=Shaji|last7=Kapoor|first7=Prashant|last8=Cerhan|first8=James R.|last9=Rajkumar|first9=S. Vincent|title=Fifty-Year Incidence of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, From 1961 Through 2010: A Population-Based Study With Complete Case Capture and Hematopathologic Review|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=93|issue=6|year=2018|pages=739–746|issn=00256196|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.011}}</ref>
*Combined [[age]] and [[Sex (activity)|sex]]-adjusted [[incidence]] is 0.57 per 100,000 [[person]]-[[Year|years]]<ref name="KyleLarson2018">{{cite journal|last1=Kyle|first1=Robert A.|last2=Larson|first2=Dirk R.|last3=McPhail|first3=Ellen D.|last4=Therneau|first4=Terry M.|last5=Dispenzieri|first5=Angela|last6=Kumar|first6=Shaji|last7=Kapoor|first7=Prashant|last8=Cerhan|first8=James R.|last9=Rajkumar|first9=S. Vincent|title=Fifty-Year Incidence of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, From 1961 Through 2010: A Population-Based Study With Complete Case Capture and Hematopathologic Review|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=93|issue=6|year=2018|pages=739–746|issn=00256196|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.011}}</ref>


===Age===
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
* The [[incidence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] increases after 50 [[Year|years]] of [[age]]<ref name="RF">Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. American Cancer Society (2015)http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-risk-factors Accessed on November 6, 2015</ref>
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
 
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.  
* The [[median]] [[age]] at [[diagnosis]] is 65 [[Year|years]]<ref name="pmid22139816">{{cite journal| author=Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R et al.| title=Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study. | journal=Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= 3793-800 | pmid=22139816 | doi=10.1002/cncr.26627 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22139816  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28366781">{{cite journal| author=Yun S, Johnson AC, Okolo ON, Arnold SJ, McBride A, Zhang L et al.| title=Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Review of Pathogenesis and Management. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk | year= 2017 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 252-262 | pmid=28366781 | doi=10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.028 | pmc=5413391 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28366781  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8219203">{{cite journal| author=Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS| title=Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 82 | issue= 10 | pages= 3148-50 | pmid=8219203 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8219203  }} </ref>
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].


===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
===Gender===
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
* [[Men]] are twice more likely than [[Womens Pack|women]] to [[Development|develop]] LPL (5.4 vs. 2.7 per million, respectively) <ref name="pmid22139816">{{cite journal| author=Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R et al.| title=Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study. | journal=Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= 3793-800 | pmid=22139816 | doi=10.1002/cncr.26627 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22139816  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28366781">{{cite journal| author=Yun S, Johnson AC, Okolo ON, Arnold SJ, McBride A, Zhang L et al.| title=Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Review of Pathogenesis and Management. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk | year= 2017 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 252-262 | pmid=28366781 | doi=10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.028 | pmc=5413391 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28366781  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17488966">{{cite journal| author=Giordano TP, Henderson L, Landgren O, Chiao EY, Kramer JR, El-Serag H et al.| title=Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphoproliferative precursor diseases in US veterans with hepatitis C virus. | journal=JAMA | year= 2007 | volume= 297 | issue= 18 | pages= 2010-7 | pmid=17488966 | doi=10.1001/jama.297.18.2010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17488966  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8219203">{{cite journal| author=Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS| title=Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 82 | issue= 10 | pages= 3148-50 | pmid=8219203 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8219203  }} </ref>
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.


===Region===
===Race===
*The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
*Higher [[incidence]] in [[White (mutation)|whites]] (4.1 per million per [[year]]) [[Comparability|comparative]] to [[Black|blacks]] (1.8 per million per [[year]]) and in past 20 [[Year|years]], [[incidence]] in [[White (mutation)|whites]] has elevated<ref name="pmid22139816">{{cite journal| author=Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R et al.| title=Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study. | journal=Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= 3793-800 | pmid=22139816 | doi=10.1002/cncr.26627 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22139816  }} </ref><ref name="pmid28366781">{{cite journal| author=Yun S, Johnson AC, Okolo ON, Arnold SJ, McBride A, Zhang L et al.| title=Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Review of Pathogenesis and Management. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk | year= 2017 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 252-262 | pmid=28366781 | doi=10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.028 | pmc=5413391 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28366781  }} </ref><ref name="pmid16150940">{{cite journal| author=Morton LM, Wang SS, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS| title=Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992-2001. | journal=Blood | year= 2006 | volume= 107 | issue= 1 | pages= 265-76 | pmid=16150940 | doi=10.1182/blood-2005-06-2508 | pmc=1895348 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16150940  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8219203">{{cite journal| author=Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS| title=Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 82 | issue= 10 | pages= 3148-50 | pmid=8219203 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8219203  }} </ref>
 
*[Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].


===Developed Countries===
=== Epidemiology and demographics of Smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia ===  
According to a recent [[Study design|study]] [[done]] in 2017, the following [[data]] was found out regarding [[epidemiology]] and [[demographics]] of smoldering [[Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia]]:<ref name="PophaliBartley2017">{{cite journal|last1=Pophali|first1=Priyanka Avinash|last2=Bartley|first2=Adam C.|last3=Kapoor|first3=Prashant|last4=Gonsalves|first4=Wilson I.|last5=Ashrani|first5=Aneel A.|last6=Marshall|first6=Ariela L.|last7=Siddiqui|first7=Mustaqeem Ahmad|last8=Go|first8=Ronald S.|title=Smoldering Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (SWM): Analysis from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).|journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology|volume=35|issue=15_suppl|year=2017|pages=1573–1573|issn=0732-183X|doi=10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.1573}}</ref>


===Developing Countries===
{| class="wikitable"
|+ ''' Epidemiology and demographics of Smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia according to Sex, Race and Age'''
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Risk factors
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Proportion of Smoldering Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Sex (activity)|Sex]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* [[Males]]: 27.72%
* [[Females]]: 28.31%
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Race]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
*[[White (mutation)|White]], non-[[Hispanic paradox|hispanic]]: 28.97%
*[[White (mutation)|White]], [[Hispanic paradox|Hispanic]]: 24.79%
*[[Black]]: 21.01%
* Asian: 20.41%
* Other: 26.08%
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Age]] in [[Year|years]]'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |
* 18-49: 18.32%
* 50-64: 25.91%
* 65-79: 30.8%
* ≥80 : 27.26%
|-
|}


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 13:42, 15 August 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2]

Overview

The prevalence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is estimated to be 1000-1500 cases in United States annually. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma represents 1-2% of all hematological cancers. Overall age-adjusted incidence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is 0.38 cases per 100,000 persons annually, increasing with age to 2.85 in patients above 80 years. Incidence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma increases after 50 years of age with median age at diagnosis to be 65 years. Men are twice more likely than women to develop LPL and there is higher incidence of LPL in whites than blacks.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Incidence

Age

Gender

Race

Epidemiology and demographics of Smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia

According to a recent study done in 2017, the following data was found out regarding epidemiology and demographics of smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia:[11]

Epidemiology and demographics of Smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia according to Sex, Race and Age
Risk factors Proportion of Smoldering Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
Sex
Race
Age in years
  • 18-49: 18.32%
  • 50-64: 25.91%
  • 65-79: 30.8%
  • ≥80 : 27.26%

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R; et al. (2012). "Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study". Cancer. 118 (15): 3793–800. doi:10.1002/cncr.26627. PMID 22139816.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Groves FD, Travis LB, Devesa SS, Ries LA, Fraumeni JF (1998). "Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994". Cancer. 82 (6): 1078–81. PMID 9506352.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS (1993). "Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia". Blood. 82 (10): 3148–50. PMID 8219203.
  4. ↑ Monge J, Braggio E, Ansell SM (2013). "Genetic factors and pathogenesis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia". Curr Oncol Rep. 15 (5): 450–6. doi:10.1007/s11912-013-0331-7. PMC 3807757. PMID 23901022.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Morton LM, Wang SS, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS (2006). "Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992-2001". Blood. 107 (1): 265–76. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-06-2508. PMC 1895348. PMID 16150940.
  6. ↑ Iwanaga M, Chiang CJ, Soda M, Lai MS, Yang YW, Miyazaki Y; et al. (2014). "Incidence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia in Japan and Taiwan population-based cancer registries, 1996-2003". Int J Cancer. 134 (1): 174–80. doi:10.1002/ijc.28343. PMID 23784625.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kyle, Robert A.; Larson, Dirk R.; McPhail, Ellen D.; Therneau, Terry M.; Dispenzieri, Angela; Kumar, Shaji; Kapoor, Prashant; Cerhan, James R.; Rajkumar, S. Vincent (2018). "Fifty-Year Incidence of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, From 1961 Through 2010: A Population-Based Study With Complete Case Capture and Hematopathologic Review". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 93 (6): 739–746. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.011. ISSN 0025-6196.
  8. ↑ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. American Cancer Society (2015)http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-risk-factors Accessed on November 6, 2015
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Yun S, Johnson AC, Okolo ON, Arnold SJ, McBride A, Zhang L; et al. (2017). "Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Review of Pathogenesis and Management". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 17 (5): 252–262. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.028. PMC 5413391. PMID 28366781.
  10. ↑ Giordano TP, Henderson L, Landgren O, Chiao EY, Kramer JR, El-Serag H; et al. (2007). "Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphoproliferative precursor diseases in US veterans with hepatitis C virus". JAMA. 297 (18): 2010–7. doi:10.1001/jama.297.18.2010. PMID 17488966.
  11. ↑ Pophali, Priyanka Avinash; Bartley, Adam C.; Kapoor, Prashant; Gonsalves, Wilson I.; Ashrani, Aneel A.; Marshall, Ariela L.; Siddiqui, Mustaqeem Ahmad; Go, Ronald S. (2017). "Smoldering Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (SWM): Analysis from the National Cancer Database (NCDB)". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 35 (15_suppl): 1573–1573. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.1573. ISSN 0732-183X.

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