Lymphogranuloma venereum natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
*Prognosis is usually poor without treatment. However, [[spontaneous]] [[remission]] is common.
*Prognosis is usually poor without treatment. However, spontaneous [[remission]] is common.
*Complete cure can be obtained with proper [[antibiotic]] treatment (more favorable with early treatment).
*Complete cure can be obtained with proper [[antibiotic]] treatment (more favorable with early treatment).
*Death can occur from bowel obstruction or [[perforation]].<ref>Lymphogranuloma venereum. Wikipedia (December 3, 2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereum Accessed February 23, 2016.</ref>
*Death can occur from bowel obstruction or [[perforation]].<ref>Lymphogranuloma venereum. Wikipedia (December 3, 2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereum Accessed February 23, 2016.</ref>

Revision as of 15:46, 23 February 2016

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nate Michalak, B.A.

Natural History

Primary Stage

  • Incubation period of Chlamydia trachomatis is approximately 3 to 30 days, after which a papule develops at the point of inoculation.
  • The papule may ulcerate.
  • The lesion is self-limited and heals in approximately 1 week.
  • Individuals with rectal exposure may develop proctitis.[1][2]

Secondary Stage

  • Inflammation is more common in men and occurs in approximately 20% of women.
  • Lymphadenopathy is unilateral is two-thirds of patients.
  • Lymph nodes may develop into fluctuant, suppurative buboes or nonsuppurative abscesses
  • Approximately 20% of patients develop "Groove sign" (separation of the inguinal and femoral lymph nodes by the inguinal ligament).[3]
  • If site of inoculation is the posterior area of genitalia or anorectal area, patients commonly develop anorectal syndrome.[1]

Tertiary Stage

Complications

Prognosis

  • Prognosis is usually poor without treatment. However, spontaneous remission is common.
  • Complete cure can be obtained with proper antibiotic treatment (more favorable with early treatment).
  • Death can occur from bowel obstruction or perforation.[6]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ceovic R, Gulin SJ (2015). "Lymphogranuloma venereum: diagnostic and treatment challenges". Infect Drug Resist. 8: 39–47. doi:10.2147/IDR.S57540. PMC 4381887. PMID 25870512.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Mabey, D (2002). "Lymphogranuloma venereum". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 78 (2): 90–92. doi:10.1136/sti.78.2.90. ISSN 1368-4973.
  3. Roest RW, van der Meijden WI, European Branch of the International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infection and the European Office of the World Health Organization (2001). "European guideline for the management of tropical genito-ulcerative diseases". Int J STD AIDS. 12 Suppl 3: 78–83. PMID 11589803.
  4. de Vries HJ, Zingoni A, White JA, Ross JD, Kreuter A (2013). "2013 European Guideline on the management of proctitis, proctocolitis and enteritis caused by sexually transmissible pathogens". Int J STD AIDS. 25 (7): 465–474. doi:10.1177/0956462413516100. PMID 24352129.
  5. Papagrigoriadis S, Rennie JA (1998). "Lymphogranuloma venereum as a cause of rectal strictures". Postgrad Med J. 74 (869): 168–9. PMC 2360843. PMID 9640444.
  6. Lymphogranuloma venereum. Wikipedia (December 3, 2015). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphogranuloma_venereum Accessed February 23, 2016.

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