Ischemic stroke secondary prevention
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aysha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Secondary Prevention
Specific cause of ischemic stroke for secondary prevention:
| Cause of ischemic stroke | Revascularisation | Multifacrorial risk reduction |
|---|---|---|
| Large vessel atherosclerosis | ||
| Small vessel disease | ||
| Intracranial artery atherosclerosis | ||
Cardiac embolism
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| Blood dyscrasias |
A) Revascularization [carotid artery occlusion, stenosis, vertebral artery stenosis, intracranial large artery atherosclerosis,
- Carotid endartectomy :prefferd
- Carotid stenting
B)Multifactorial risk reduction
- Antiplatelet agents
- Antilipid
- Antihypertensive med
Treatment of risk factors in patients who have already had strokes (secondary prevention) is also very important as they are at high risk of subsequent events compared with those who have never had a stroke. Medication or drug therapy is the most common method of stroke prevention. Aspirin (usually at a low dose of 75 mg) is recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Also see Antiplatelet drug treatment. Treating risk factors like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking cessation, control of hypercholesterolemia, physical exercise, and avoidance of illicit drugs and excessive alcohol consumption are all recommended ways of reducing the risk of stroke in a patient who already has a history of previous strokes.[1]
In patients who have strokes due to abnormalities of the heart, such as atrial fibrillation, anticoagulation with medications such as warfarin is often necessary for stroke prevention.[2]
Procedures such as carotid endarterectomy or carotid angioplasty can be used to remove significant atherosclerotic narrowing (stenosis) of the carotid artery, which supplies blood to the brain. These procedures have been shown to prevent stroke in certain patients, especially where carotid stenosis leads to ischemic events such as transient ischemic attack. (The value and role of carotid artery ultrasound scanning in screening has yet to be established.)
References
- ↑ American Heart Association. (2007). Stroke Risk Factors Americanheart.org. Retrieved on January 22, 2007.
- ↑ American Heart Association. (2007). Atrial Fibrillation Americanheart.org. Retrieved on January 22, 2007.