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==Overview==
==Overview==
Ischemic colitis is characterized by [[abdominal pain]] which is out of proportion to physical findings, specifically excruciating abdominal pain despite limited focal tenderness.
Ischemic colitis is characterized by [[abdominal pain]] which is out of proportion to [[Physical examination|physical]] findings. There is a sudden onset of crampy [[abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], and an urge to [[Defecation|defecate]]. The [[pain]] is mild, located over the affected [[Intestine|bowel]], and usually to the left side of the lower [[abdomen]]. Mild [[rectal bleeding]] is noticed within 24 hours which may be bright red or maroon mixed with the [[Human feces|stools]].  


==History and Symptoms==
==History and Symptoms==
The history and symptoms of ischemic colitis are as follows:<ref name="TheodoropoulouΚoutroubakis2008">{{cite journal|last1=Theodoropoulou|first1=Αngeliki|last2=Κoutroubakis|first2=Ioannis E|title=Ischemic colitis: Clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=14|issue=48|year=2008|pages=7302|issn=1007-9327|doi=10.3748/wjg.14.7302}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Boley SJ, Brandt LJ, Veith FJ |title=Ischemic disorders of the intestines |journal=Curr Probl Surg |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=1–85 |year=1978 |month=April |pmid=365467 |doi=10.1016/S0011-3840(78)80018-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Hunter G, Guernsey J | title = Mesenteric ischemia. | journal = Med Clin North Am | volume = 72 | issue = 5 | pages = 1091–115 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3045452}}</ref><ref name="Greenwald">{{cite journal | author = Greenwald D, Brandt L, Reinus J | title = Ischemic bowel disease in the elderly. | journal = Gastroenterol Clin North Am | volume = 30 | issue = 2 |pages = 445–73 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11432300 | doi = 10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70190-4}}</ref><ref name="pmid17071206">{{cite journal |author=Huguier M, Barrier A, Boelle PY, Houry S, Lacaine F |title=Ischemic colitis |journal=Am. J. Surg.|volume=192 |issue=5 |pages=679–84 |year=2006 |pmid=17071206 | doi=10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.09.018}}</ref>
The history and symptoms of ischemic colitis are as follows:<ref name="TheodoropoulouΚoutroubakis2008">{{cite journal|last1=Theodoropoulou|first1=Αngeliki|last2=Κoutroubakis|first2=Ioannis E|title=Ischemic colitis: Clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology|volume=14|issue=48|year=2008|pages=7302|issn=1007-9327|doi=10.3748/wjg.14.7302}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Boley SJ, Brandt LJ, Veith FJ |title=Ischemic disorders of the intestines |journal=Curr Probl Surg |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=1–85 |year=1978 |month=April |pmid=365467 |doi=10.1016/S0011-3840(78)80018-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Hunter G, Guernsey J | title = Mesenteric ischemia. | journal = Med Clin North Am | volume = 72 | issue = 5 | pages = 1091–115 | year = 1988 | pmid = 3045452}}</ref><ref name="Greenwald">{{cite journal | author = Greenwald D, Brandt L, Reinus J | title = Ischemic bowel disease in the elderly. | journal = Gastroenterol Clin North Am | volume = 30 | issue = 2 |pages = 445–73 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11432300 | doi = 10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70190-4}}</ref><ref name="pmid17071206">{{cite journal |author=Huguier M, Barrier A, Boelle PY, Houry S, Lacaine F |title=Ischemic colitis |journal=Am. J. Surg.|volume=192 |issue=5 |pages=679–84 |year=2006 |pmid=17071206 | doi=10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.09.018}}</ref>
* Sudden onset of crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea and an urge to defecate.
* Sudden onset of crampy [[abdominal pain]], [[diarrhea]], and an urge to [[Defecation|defecate]]
** The pain is mild, located over the affected bowel, usually to the left side of the lower abdomen.
** The pain is mild, located over the affected [[Intestine|bowel]], usually to the left side of the lower [[abdomen]]
** Mild rectal bleeding within 24 h.
** Mild [[rectal bleeding]] within 24 hours
* The blood may be bright red or maroon mixed with the stools.
* The [[blood]] may be bright red or maroon mixed with the [[Human feces|stools]]
* Rectal bleeding is minimal.
* [[Rectal bleeding]] is minimal  
* Hematochezia with hemodynamic instability suggests a different diagnosis.
* [[Hematochezia]] with [[Hemodynamics|hemodynamic]] instability suggests a different diagnosis  
* Associated ileus may be manifested by anorexia, nausea and vomiting.
* Associated [[ileus]] may be manifested by [[anorexia]], [[Nausea and vomiting|nausea]] and [[Nausea and vomiting|vomiting]]


===Common Symptoms===
===Common Symptoms===
* Symptoms of ischemic colitis vary depending on the severity of the ischemia.
* Symptoms of ischemic colitis vary depending on the severity of the [[ischemia]]
* The most common early signs of ischemic colitis include [[abdominal pain]] (often left-sided), with mild to moderate amounts of [[lower gastrointestinal bleeding|rectal bleeding]].
* The most common early signs of ischemic colitis include [[abdominal pain]] (often left-sided), with mild to moderate amounts of [[lower gastrointestinal bleeding|rectal bleeding]]  
* The sensitivity of findings among 73 patients were as follows:
* The sensitivity of findings among 73 patients were as follows:
** [[Abdominal pain]]: 78% of patients
** [[Abdominal pain]]: 78% of patients
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** [[Diarrhea]]: 38% of patients
** [[Diarrhea]]: 38% of patients
** [[Fever]]: Higher than 100.4°F (38°C) in 34% of patients
** [[Fever]]: Higher than 100.4°F (38°C) in 34% of patients
===Less common symptoms===
*Chills / rigors
*Cachexia


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Latest revision as of 14:32, 5 February 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]

Overview

Ischemic colitis is characterized by abdominal pain which is out of proportion to physical findings. There is a sudden onset of crampy abdominal pain, diarrhea, and an urge to defecate. The pain is mild, located over the affected bowel, and usually to the left side of the lower abdomen. Mild rectal bleeding is noticed within 24 hours which may be bright red or maroon mixed with the stools.

History and Symptoms

The history and symptoms of ischemic colitis are as follows:[1][2][3][4][5]

Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms

  • Chills / rigors
  • Cachexia

References

  1. ↑ Theodoropoulou, Αngeliki; Κoutroubakis, Ioannis E (2008). "Ischemic colitis: Clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 14 (48): 7302. doi:10.3748/wjg.14.7302. ISSN 1007-9327.
  2. ↑ Boley SJ, Brandt LJ, Veith FJ (1978). "Ischemic disorders of the intestines". Curr Probl Surg. 15 (4): 1–85. doi:10.1016/S0011-3840(78)80018-5. PMID 365467. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ Hunter G, Guernsey J (1988). "Mesenteric ischemia". Med Clin North Am. 72 (5): 1091–115. PMID 3045452.
  4. ↑ Greenwald D, Brandt L, Reinus J (2001). "Ischemic bowel disease in the elderly". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 30 (2): 445–73. doi:10.1016/S0889-8553(05)70190-4. PMID 11432300.
  5. ↑ Huguier M, Barrier A, Boelle PY, Houry S, Lacaine F (2006). "Ischemic colitis". Am. J. Surg. 192 (5): 679–84. doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.09.018. PMID 17071206.

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