Ischemic colitis classification: Difference between revisions
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Ischemic colitis may be classified based on symptom progression into [[hyperactive]] phase, [[paralytic]] phase, [[shock]] phase. Also, based on its clinical course into two types: [[acute]] ischemic colitis or [[chronic]] ischemic colitis. | Ischemic colitis may be classified based on symptom progression into [[hyperactive]] phase, [[paralytic]] phase, [[shock]] phase. Also, based on its clinical course into two types: [[acute]] ischemic colitis or [[chronic]] ischemic colitis. | ||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
Ischemic colitis | Ischemic colitis can be classified into:<ref name="pmid3045452">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hunter GC, Guernsey JM |title=Mesenteric ischemia |journal=Med. Clin. North Am. |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=1091–115 |year=1988 |pmid=3045452 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* | * Reversible ischaemic colopathy: | ||
** 3–26.1% of cases | |||
** This type is characterized by submucosal haemorrhage at endoscopy, with involvement of superficial mucosa. | |||
** It is typically self-limiting. | |||
* | * Transient IC: the most common form at | ||
** approximately 45% of cases. | |||
** These patients present with abdominal pain, per-rectal bleeding and full-thickness involvement of the mucosa. | |||
* | * Chronic segmental IC or chronic ulcerative IC: | ||
** 17.9–25% of cases. | |||
** These patients present with persistent symptoms or recurrent episodes of pain, per-rectal bleeding, diarrhoea, and segmental colitis on imaging. | |||
** Resection is often curative. | |||
* Ischaemic colonic stricture | |||
** 10–15% of cases. | |||
** This may be detected acutely, however, more frequently is found at follow-up endoscopy. | |||
* Gangrenous colitis | |||
** 9.9–19% of cases. | |||
** This should be suspected when there is increasing abdominal pain, signs of local or generalized peritonitis, fevers or associated ileus. | |||
* Universal fulminant pancolitis | |||
** 1–2.5% of cases. | |||
** This presents acutely with severe symptoms, progressive transmural infarction and necrosis of the entire colon, resultant sepsis and perforation with a 75% mortality rate. | |||
** These patients present with sepsis, severe abdominal pain, peritonitis and per-rectal bleeding. | |||
Ischemic colitis can be classified based on its clinical course into two types: | Ischemic colitis can be classified based on its clinical course into two types: | ||
*[[Acute]] ischemic colitis | *[[Acute]] ischemic colitis |
Revision as of 15:16, 4 January 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hamid Qazi, MD, BSc [2]; Mehrian Jafarizade, M.D [3]
Overview
Ischemic colitis may be classified based on symptom progression into hyperactive phase, paralytic phase, shock phase. Also, based on its clinical course into two types: acute ischemic colitis or chronic ischemic colitis.
History and Symptoms
Ischemic colitis can be classified into:[1]
- Reversible ischaemic colopathy:
- 3–26.1% of cases
- This type is characterized by submucosal haemorrhage at endoscopy, with involvement of superficial mucosa.
- It is typically self-limiting.
- Transient IC: the most common form at
- approximately 45% of cases.
- These patients present with abdominal pain, per-rectal bleeding and full-thickness involvement of the mucosa.
- Chronic segmental IC or chronic ulcerative IC:
- 17.9–25% of cases.
- These patients present with persistent symptoms or recurrent episodes of pain, per-rectal bleeding, diarrhoea, and segmental colitis on imaging.
- Resection is often curative.
- Ischaemic colonic stricture
- 10–15% of cases.
- This may be detected acutely, however, more frequently is found at follow-up endoscopy.
- Gangrenous colitis
- 9.9–19% of cases.
- This should be suspected when there is increasing abdominal pain, signs of local or generalized peritonitis, fevers or associated ileus.
- Universal fulminant pancolitis
- 1–2.5% of cases.
- This presents acutely with severe symptoms, progressive transmural infarction and necrosis of the entire colon, resultant sepsis and perforation with a 75% mortality rate.
- These patients present with sepsis, severe abdominal pain, peritonitis and per-rectal bleeding.
Ischemic colitis can be classified based on its clinical course into two types:
Ischemic colitis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acute ischemic colitis | Chronic ischemic colitis | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Occlusive | Non-occlusive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||