Interleukin-12 subunit beta: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox_gene}}
{{PBB_Controls
'''Subunit beta of interleukin 12''' (also known as '''IL-12B''', '''natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2''', '''cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor p40''', or '''interleukin-12 subunit p40''')<ref name=ncbi/> is a [[protein]] that in humans is encoded by the '''IL12B''' [[gene]]. IL-12B is a common subunit of [[interleukin 12]] and  [[Interleukin 23]].
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}}


<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
== Function ==
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_IL12B_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1f42.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1f42}}, {{PDB2|1f45}}
| Name = Interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)
| HGNCid = 5970
| Symbol = IL12B
| AltSymbols =; CLMF; CLMF2; IL-12B; NKSF; NKSF2
| OMIM = 161561
| ECnumber = 
| Homologene = 1648
| MGIid = 96540
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IL12B_207901_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004896 |text = hematopoietin/interferon-class (D200-domain) cytokine receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005143 |text = interleukin-12 receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042164 |text = interleukin-12 alpha subunit binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042803 |text = protein homodimerization activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007166 |text = cell surface receptor linked signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019735 |text = antimicrobial humoral response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030101 |text = natural killer cell activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042035 |text = regulation of cytokine biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042088 |text = T-helper 1 type immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042093 |text = T-helper cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042095 |text = interferon-gamma biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042104 |text = positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045078 |text = positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
    | Hs_EntrezGene = 3593
    | Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000113302
    | Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_002178
    | Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_002187
    | Hs_GenLoc_db = 
    | Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
    | Hs_GenLoc_start = 158674369
    | Hs_GenLoc_end = 158690059
    | Hs_Uniprot = P29460
    | Mm_EntrezGene = 16160
    | Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000004296
    | Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008352
    | Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032378
    | Mm_GenLoc_db = 
    | Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
    | Mm_GenLoc_start = 44243486
    | Mm_GenLoc_end = 44257456
    | Mm_Uniprot = Q3ZAX5
  }}
}}
'''Subunit beta of interleukin 12''' (also known as '''natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2''', or '''cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2''', p40) (human gene name '''IL12B''') is a subunit of human [[interleukin 12]].


<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot.  See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
This gene encodes a subunit of [[interleukin 12]], a [[cytokine]] that acts on [[T-cells|T]] and [[natural killer cell]]s, and has a broad array of biological activities. Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kD [[cytokine receptor]] like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kD subunit encoded by IL12A. This cytokine is expressed by activated [[macrophages]] that serve as an essential inducer of [[Th1 cell]]s development. This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. [[Overexpression]] of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. The promoter gene polymorphism of this gene has been reported to be associated with the severity of atopic and non-atopic [[asthma]] in children.<ref name=ncbi>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL12B interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3593| accessdate = }}</ref>
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene encodes a subunit of [[interleukin 12]], a [[cytokine]] that acts on [[T-cells|T]] and [[Natural killer cell|natural killer cells]], and has a broad array of biological activities. Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kD [[cytokine receptor]] like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kD subunit encoded by IL12A. This cytokine is expressed by activated [[macrophages]] that serve as an essential inducer of [[Th1 cell]]s development. This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. [[Overexpression]] of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. The promoter gene polymorphism of this gene has been reported to be associated with the severity of atopic and non-atopic [[asthma]] in children.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL12B interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3593| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}


==References==
=== Role as IL-23 subunit ===
{{reflist|2}}
 
Interleukin-12 p40 also serves as a subunit of [[Interleukin 23]].<ref name=pmid11114383>{{cite journal |vauthors=Oppmann B, Lesley R, Blom B, Timans JC, Xu Y, Hunte B, Vega F, Yu N, Wang J, Singh K, Zonin F, Vaisberg E, Churakova T, Liu M, Gorman D, Wagner J, Zurawski S, Liu Y, Abrams JS, Moore KW, Rennick D, de Waal-Malefyt R, Hannum C, Bazan JF, Kastelein RA | title = Novel p19 protein engages IL-12p40 to form a cytokine, IL-23, with biological activities similar as well as distinct from IL-12 | language =  | journal = Immunity | volume = 13 | issue = 5 | pages = 715–25 | date = November 2000 | pmid = 11114383 | doi = 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00070-4 }}</ref>
 
== References ==
{{reflist|35em}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{refbegin|35em}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Airoldi I, Guglielmino R, Carra G, Corcione A, Gerosa F, Taborelli G, Trinchieri G, Pistoia V | title = The interleukin-12 and interleukin-12 receptor system in normal and transformed human B lymphocytes | journal = Haematologica | volume = 87 | issue = 4 | pages = 434–42 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11940489 | doi =  }}
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author = Abdi K | title = IL-12: the role of p40 versus p75 | journal = Scand. J. Immunol. | volume = 56 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–11 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12100467 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01101.x }}
*{{cite journal | author=Airoldi I, Guglielmino R, Carra G, ''et al.'' |title=The interleukin-12 and interleukin-12 receptor system in normal and transformed human B lymphocytes. |journal=Haematologica |volume=87 |issue= 4 |pages= 434-42 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11940489 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Sieburth D, Jabs EW, Warrington JA, Li X, Lasota J, LaForgia S, Kelleher K, Huebner K, Wasmuth JJ, Wolf SF | title = Assignment of genes encoding a unique cytokine (IL12) composed of two unrelated subunits to chromosomes 3 and 5 | journal = Genomics | volume = 14 | issue = 1 | pages = 59–62 | year = 1992 | pmid = 1358798 | doi = 10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80283-6 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Abdi K |title=IL-12: the role of p40 versus p75. |journal=Scand. J. Immunol. |volume=56 |issue= 1 |pages= 1-11 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12100467 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Wolf SF, Temple PA, Kobayashi M, Young D, Dicig M, Lowe L, Dzialo R, Fitz L, Ferenz C, Hewick RM | title = Cloning of cDNA for natural killer cell stimulatory factor, a heterodimeric cytokine with multiple biologic effects on T and natural killer cells | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 146 | issue = 9 | pages = 3074–81 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1673147 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sieburth D, Jabs EW, Warrington JA, ''et al.'' |title=Assignment of genes encoding a unique cytokine (IL12) composed of two unrelated subunits to chromosomes 3 and 5. |journal=Genomics |volume=14 |issue= 1 |pages= 59-62 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1358798 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Gubler U, Chua AO, Schoenhaut DS, Dwyer CM, McComas W, Motyka R, Nabavi N, Wolitzky AG, Quinn PM, Familletti PC | title = Coexpression of two distinct genes is required to generate secreted bioactive cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 88 | issue = 10 | pages = 4143–7 | year = 1991 | pmid = 1674604 | pmc = 51614 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.88.10.4143 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Wolf SF, Temple PA, Kobayashi M, ''et al.'' |title=Cloning of cDNA for natural killer cell stimulatory factor, a heterodimeric cytokine with multiple biologic effects on T and natural killer cells. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=146 |issue= 9 |pages= 3074-81 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1673147 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Gearing DP, Cosman D | title = Homology of the p40 subunit of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF) with the extracellular domain of the interleukin-6 receptor | journal = Cell | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 9–10 | year = 1991 | pmid = 2070420 | doi = 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90131-H }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gubler U, Chua AO, Schoenhaut DS, ''et al.'' |title=Coexpression of two distinct genes is required to generate secreted bioactive cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=88 |issue= 10 |pages= 4143-7 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1674604 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Stern AS, Podlaski FJ, Hulmes JD, Pan YC, Quinn PM, Wolitzky AG, Familletti PC, Stremlo DL, Truitt T, Chizzonite R | title = Purification to homogeneity and partial characterization of cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor from human B-lymphoblastoid cells | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 87 | issue = 17 | pages = 6808–12 | year = 1990 | pmid = 2204066 | pmc = 54627 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.87.17.6808 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gearing DP, Cosman D |title=Homology of the p40 subunit of natural killer cell stimulatory factor (NKSF) with the extracellular domain of the interleukin-6 receptor. |journal=Cell |volume=66 |issue= 1 |pages= 9-10 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2070420 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Aragane Y, Riemann H, Bhardwaj RS, Schwarz A, Sawada Y, Yamada H, Luger TA, Kubin M, Trinchieri G, Schwarz T | title = IL-12 is expressed and released by human keratinocytes and epidermoid carcinoma cell lines | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 153 | issue = 12 | pages = 5366–72 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7527439 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Stern AS, Podlaski FJ, Hulmes JD, ''et al.'' |title=Purification to homogeneity and partial characterization of cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor from human B-lymphoblastoid cells. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=87 |issue= 17 |pages= 6808-12 |year= 1990 |pmid= 2204066 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Ling P, Gately MK, Gubler U, Stern AS, Lin P, Hollfelder K, Su C, Pan YC, Hakimi J | title = Human IL-12 p40 homodimer binds to the IL-12 receptor but does not mediate biologic activity | journal = J. Immunol. | volume = 154 | issue = 1 | pages = 116–27 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7527811 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Aragane Y, Riemann H, Bhardwaj RS, ''et al.'' |title=IL-12 is expressed and released by human keratinocytes and epidermoid carcinoma cell lines. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=153 |issue= 12 |pages= 5366-72 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7527439 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Murphy TL, Cleveland MG, Kulesza P, Magram J, Murphy KM | title = Regulation of interleukin 12 p40 expression through an NF-kappa B half-site | journal = Mol. Cell. Biol. | volume = 15 | issue = 10 | pages = 5258–67 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7565674 | pmc = 230773 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ling P, Gately MK, Gubler U, ''et al.'' |title=Human IL-12 p40 homodimer binds to the IL-12 receptor but does not mediate biologic activity. |journal=J. Immunol. |volume=154 |issue= 1 |pages= 116-27 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7527811 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Sharma V, Knobloch TJ, Benjamin D | title = Differential expression of cytokine genes in HIV-1 tat transfected T and B cell lines | journal = Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. | volume = 208 | issue = 2 | pages = 704–13 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7695626 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1395 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Murphy TL, Cleveland MG, Kulesza P, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of interleukin 12 p40 expression through an NF-kappa B half-site. |journal=Mol. Cell. Biol. |volume=15 |issue= 10 |pages= 5258-67 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7565674 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Warrington JA, Bengtsson U | title = High-resolution physical mapping of human 5q31-q33 using three methods: radiation hybrid mapping, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis | journal = Genomics | volume = 24 | issue = 2 | pages = 395–8 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7698768 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1994.1636 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Sharma V, Knobloch TJ, Benjamin D |title=Differential expression of cytokine genes in HIV-1 tat transfected T and B cell lines. |journal=Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. |volume=208 |issue= 2 |pages= 704-13 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7695626 |doi= 10.1006/bbrc.1995.1395 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=D'Andrea A, Ma X, Aste-Amezaga M, Paganin C, Trinchieri G | title = Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 on the production of cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: priming for IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 181 | issue = 2 | pages = 537–46 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7836910 | pmc = 2191875 | doi = 10.1084/jem.181.2.537 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Warrington JA, Bengtsson U |title=High-resolution physical mapping of human 5q31-q33 using three methods: radiation hybrid mapping, interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. |journal=Genomics |volume=24 |issue= 2 |pages= 395-8 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7698768 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1636 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Gillessen S, Carvajal D, Ling P, Podlaski FJ, Stremlo DL, Familletti PC, Gubler U, Presky DH, Stern AS, Gately MK | title = Mouse interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 homodimer: a potent IL-12 antagonist | journal = Eur. J. Immunol. | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 200–6 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7843232 | doi = 10.1002/eji.1830250133 }}
*{{cite journal | author=D'Andrea A, Ma X, Aste-Amezaga M, ''et al.'' |title=Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 on the production of cytokines by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells: priming for IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=181 |issue= 2 |pages= 537-46 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7836910 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Radrizzani M, Accornero P, Amidei A, Aiello A, Delia D, Kurrle R, Colombo MP | title = IL-12 inhibits apoptosis induced in a human Th1 clone by gp120/CD4 cross-linking and CD3/TCR activation or by IL-2 deprivation | journal = Cell. Immunol. | volume = 161 | issue = 1 | pages = 14–21 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7867080 | doi = 10.1006/cimm.1995.1003 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gillessen S, Carvajal D, Ling P, ''et al.'' |title=Mouse interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 homodimer: a potent IL-12 antagonist. |journal=Eur. J. Immunol. |volume=25 |issue= 1 |pages= 200-6 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7843232 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Ma X, Chow JM, Gri G, Carra G, Gerosa F, Wolf SF, Dzialo R, Trinchieri G | title = The interleukin 12 p40 gene promoter is primed by interferon gamma in monocytic cells | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 183 | issue = 1 | pages = 147–57 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8551218 | pmc = 2192398 | doi = 10.1084/jem.183.1.147 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Radrizzani M, Accornero P, Amidei A, ''et al.'' |title=IL-12 inhibits apoptosis induced in a human Th1 clone by gp120/CD4 cross-linking and CD3/TCR activation or by IL-2 deprivation. |journal=Cell. Immunol. |volume=161 |issue= 1 |pages= 14-21 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7867080 |doi= 10.1006/cimm.1995.1003 }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Fantuzzi L, Gessani S, Borghi P, Varano B, Conti L, Puddu P, Belardelli F | title = Induction of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by recombinant glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human monocytes/macrophages: requirement of gamma interferon for IL-12 secretion | journal = J. Virol. | volume = 70 | issue = 6 | pages = 4121–4 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8648753 | pmc = 190299 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ma X, Chow JM, Gri G, ''et al.'' |title=The interleukin 12 p40 gene promoter is primed by interferon gamma in monocytic cells. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=183 |issue= 1 |pages= 147-57 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8551218 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Cella M, Scheidegger D, Palmer-Lehmann K, Lane P, Lanzavecchia A, Alber G | title = Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation | journal = J. Exp. Med. | volume = 184 | issue = 2 | pages = 747–52 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8760829 | pmc = 2192696 | doi = 10.1084/jem.184.2.747 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Fantuzzi L, Gessani S, Borghi P, ''et al.'' |title=Induction of interleukin-12 (IL-12) by recombinant glycoprotein gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human monocytes/macrophages: requirement of gamma interferon for IL-12 secretion. |journal=J. Virol. |volume=70 |issue= 6 |pages= 4121-4 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8648753 |doi=  }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Kato K, Shimozato O, Hoshi K, Wakimoto H, Hamada H, Yagita H, Okumura K | title = Local production of the p40 subunit of interleukin 12 suppresses T-helper 1-mediated immune responses and prevents allogeneic myoblast rejection | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 93 | issue = 17 | pages = 9085–9 | year = 1996 | pmid = 8799158 | pmc = 38599 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.93.17.9085 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Cella M, Scheidegger D, Palmer-Lehmann K, ''et al.'' |title=Ligation of CD40 on dendritic cells triggers production of high levels of interleukin-12 and enhances T cell stimulatory capacity: T-T help via APC activation. |journal=J. Exp. Med. |volume=184 |issue= 2 |pages= 747-52 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8760829 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal |vauthors=Taoufik Y, Lantz O, Wallon C, Charles A, Dussaix E, Delfraissy JF | title = Human immunodeficiency virus gp120 inhibits interleukin-12 secretion by human monocytes: an indirect interleukin-10-mediated effect | journal = Blood | volume = 89 | issue = 8 | pages = 2842–8 | year = 1997 | pmid = 9108403 | doi =  }}
*{{cite journal | author=Kato K, Shimozato O, Hoshi K, ''et al.'' |title=Local production of the p40 subunit of interleukin 12 suppresses T-helper 1-mediated immune responses and prevents allogeneic myoblast rejection. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=93 |issue= 17 |pages= 9085-9 |year= 1996 |pmid= 8799158 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal  | author=Taoufik Y, Lantz O, Wallon C, ''et al.'' |title=Human immunodeficiency virus gp120 inhibits interleukin-12 secretion by human monocytes: an indirect interleukin-10-mediated effect. |journal=Blood |volume=89 |issue= 8 |pages= 2842-8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9108403 |doi=  }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


{{protein-stub}}
{{PDB Gallery|geneid=3593}}
{{Interleukin receptor modulators}}
 
[[Category:Human proteins]]
[[Category:Human proteins]]
[[Category:Cytokines]]
[[Category:Interleukins]]
{{WikiDoc Sources}}

Latest revision as of 22:04, 3 December 2017

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Identifiers
Aliases
External IDsGeneCards: [1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

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Ensembl

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UniProt

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RefSeq (mRNA)

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RefSeq (protein)

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Location (UCSC)n/an/a
PubMed searchn/an/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

Subunit beta of interleukin 12 (also known as IL-12B, natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor p40, or interleukin-12 subunit p40)[1] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL12B gene. IL-12B is a common subunit of interleukin 12 and Interleukin 23.

Function

This gene encodes a subunit of interleukin 12, a cytokine that acts on T and natural killer cells, and has a broad array of biological activities. Interleukin 12 is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of the 40 kD cytokine receptor like subunit encoded by this gene, and a 35 kD subunit encoded by IL12A. This cytokine is expressed by activated macrophages that serve as an essential inducer of Th1 cells development. This cytokine has been found to be important for sustaining a sufficient number of memory/effector Th1 cells to mediate long-term protection to an intracellular pathogen. Overexpression of this gene was observed in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of the disease. The promoter gene polymorphism of this gene has been reported to be associated with the severity of atopic and non-atopic asthma in children.[1]

Role as IL-23 subunit

Interleukin-12 p40 also serves as a subunit of Interleukin 23.[2]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: IL12B interleukin 12B (natural killer cell stimulatory factor 2, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor 2, p40)".
  2. ↑ Oppmann B, Lesley R, Blom B, Timans JC, Xu Y, Hunte B, Vega F, Yu N, Wang J, Singh K, Zonin F, Vaisberg E, Churakova T, Liu M, Gorman D, Wagner J, Zurawski S, Liu Y, Abrams JS, Moore KW, Rennick D, de Waal-Malefyt R, Hannum C, Bazan JF, Kastelein RA (November 2000). "Novel p19 protein engages IL-12p40 to form a cytokine, IL-23, with biological activities similar as well as distinct from IL-12". Immunity. 13 (5): 715–25. doi:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)00070-4. PMID 11114383.

Further reading

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