Infectious colitis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 20:06, 17 October 2016

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Qasim Salau, M.B.B.S., FMCPaed [2]

Overview

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Infectious colitis occurs following invasion of colonic mucosa or attachment to the colonic mucosa by a micro-organism causing inflammation

Pathogenesis of Infectious colitis

Enteric organisms that cause colitis are usually transmitted through fecal-oral route especially in children. As few as 100 bacterial cells can be enough to cause an infection.^[1]
May also occur following antibiotic use, especially broad spectrum antibiotics.
Can also be acquired as a sexually transmitted infection (STI) among individuals who practice unsafe anal sex especially among men who have sex with men (MSM)

In MSM the pathogens are transmitted directly through overt or microabrasions in the rectal mucosa or indirectly during oral-anal contact.^[2]

The pathogenesis, gross and microscopic pathology of infectious colitis will depend on the causative organism as follows:

References

↑ Levinson, Warren E (2006). Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (9 ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-07-146031-6. Retrieved February 27, 2012.
↑ Template:Rompalo AM. Chapter 9: Proctitis and Proctocolitis. In Klausner JD, Hook III EW. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. McGraw Hill Professional; 2007

Template:WS Template:WH

[1] Levinson, Warren E (2006). Review of Medical Microbiology and Immunology (9 ed.). McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-07-146031-6. Retrieved February 27, 2012.

[Rompalo-2] Template:Rompalo AM. Chapter 9: Proctitis and Proctocolitis. In Klausner JD, Hook III EW. CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases. McGraw Hill Professional; 2007

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 22: / Line 22: @@
 *[[Cytomegalovirus infection#Pathophysiology|''Cytomegalovirus'']]
 *[[Yersinia enterocolitica infection#Pathophysiology|''Yersinia enterocolitica'']]
-**Pseudomembranous colitis. The gross pathologic finding is presence of diffuse, small, 2 to 10mm, raised yellowish (or whitish) lesions. Mucosa in between lesions may appear normal. Lesions may merge giving rise to a characteristic "pseudomembrane" layer over the mucosa.
-<gallery>
-Image:Pseudomembranous_colitis.JPG | Pseudomembranous colitis. (WC) <ref name=Pseudomembranous-Proctocolitis> Libre Pathology. Pseudomembranous colitis. https://librepathology.org/wiki/Pseudomembranous_colitis Accessed on August 31, 2016 </ref>
-Image:800px-Pseudomembranous Colitis, Colectomy (Gross) (7410584264).jpg| Pseudomembranous colitis. <ref name=pseudomembranous-colitis> Libre Pathology. Pseudomembranous colitis. https://librepathology.org Accessed on September 1, 2016 </ref>
-</gallery>
-===Microscopic pathology===
-*In pseudomembranous colitis microscopy shows<ref name =HistologyPC>Cotran, Ramzi S.; Kumar, Vinay; Fausto, Nelson; Nelso Fausto; Robbins, Stanley L.; Abbas, Abul K. (2005). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (7th ed.). St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 837-8. ISBN 0-7216-0187-1}} </ref>
-**Heaped necrotic tissue
-**Polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the lamina propria, breeching the epithelium like a "volcanic eruption".
-**With or without capillary thrombi
-*On microscopy, the characteristic finding in ulcerative colitis is presence of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the deeper aspect of the lamina propria (basal lymphoplasmacytosis).
-**Crypt architecture is destroyed.
-**Abscesses may also be seen in the crypts.
-<gallery>
-Image:1440px-Colonic pseudomembranes low mag.jpg| Pseudomembranous colitis. H& E staining showing pseudomembranes in Clostridium colitis <ref name=pc> Libre Pathology. Pseudomembranous colitis. https://librepathology.org/wiki/File:Colonic_pseudomembranes_low_mag.jpg Accessed on September 1, 2016 </ref>
-</gallery>
 ==References==